Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. nov.; Gallate Degrading Organisms Formerly Assigned to Streptococcus bovis

Reappraisal of the taxonomy of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex and related species: description of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus subsp. nov., S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus subsp. nov. and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus subsp. nov.

“…Production of enzymes and fermentation of carbohydrates were determined using both the API 20 Strep and Rapid ID32 STREP strips, according to the instructions of the manufacturer (bioMérieux). Production of tannase was assayed by the colorimetric test of Osawa et al (1995). Investigation of this enzyme was preferred to the assessment of gallate decarboxylase, since the former test is easier to carry out and because both enzymes are present in most strains of S. gallolyticus (Osawa et al, 1995).…”

“…Production of tannase was assayed by the colorimetric test of Osawa et al (1995). Investigation of this enzyme was preferred to the assessment of gallate decarboxylase, since the former test is easier to carry out and because both enzymes are present in most strains of S. gallolyticus (Osawa et al, 1995). Moreover, the hydrolysis of tannin is known to be the first step of this decarboxylation pathway (Chamka et al, 2002).…”

“…This association led to great interest in the identification of group D streptococci, which are common inhabitants of the intestinal flora of humans and animals (Facklam, 1972;Farrow et al, 1984;Osawa et al, 1995). Since the initial antigen-based description of the group D streptococci by Lancefield (1933), Streptococcus equinus and S. bovis have been separated from Streptococcus suis, which may possess this antigen (Bentley et al, 1991; S. bovis strains are delineated into two biotypes according to their ability (biotype I) or inability (biotype II) to ferment mannitol.…”

“…Furthermore, Osawa (1990) demonstrated that the S. bovis biotype I strains produce tannase. Indeed, hydrolysis of tannins and decarboxylation of gallic acid are characteristic of strains of DNA group 2 of Farrow et al (1984), which Osawa et al (1995) called Streptococcus gallolyticus. Simultaneously, Brooker et al (1994) proposed that tannin-tolerant strains isolated from goats should be named Streptococcus caprinus.…”

Streptococcus peroris sp. nov. and Streptococcus infantis sp. nov., new members of the Streptococcus mitis group, isolated from human clinical specimens

“…At the same time, several new members of the genus Streptococcus have been proposed (Devriese et al, 1988(Devriese et al, , 1997Eldar et al, 1994;Kilian et al, 1989;Osawa et al, 1995;Robinson et al, 1988;Skaar et al, 1994;Vandamme et al, 1996;Whiley et al, , 1990. Presently, 42 species and four subspecies are recognized as members of the genus Streptococcus.…”