Streptococcus thermophilus fermented milk reduces serum MDA-LDL and blood pressure in healthy and mildly hypercholesterolaemic adults

Abstract

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), MDA-LDL/LDL-cholesterol in serum, and blood pressure are considered useful risk markers of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine whether a fermented milk containing Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2001 (ST), which has high anti-oxidative activity, would benefit healthy and mildly hyper-LDL-cholesterolaemic adults via a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ST-fermented milk or non-fermented placebo milk (PC) was consumed once a day for 12 weeks by 29 and 30 subjects, respectively, with average serum LDL-cholesterol levels of about 140 mg/dl. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol and MDA-LDL and blood pressure were analysed before (baseline) and after consumption. Comparisons of the responses between both groups were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA, with the baseline value as the covariate). ANCOVA demonstrated that the ST group had significant reductions in MDA-LDL, MDA-LDL/LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared with the PC group during the consumption period (P<0.05). Moreover, stratified analysis revealed that there were significant reductions in MDA-LDL, MDA-LDL/LDL-cholesterol, SBP, and DBP in the ST group compared with the PC group during the consumption period in subjects who had above median (65 U/l) levels of oxidative stress marker MDA-LDL at baseline (P<0.05), but not in subjects with levels below the median. These findings suggest that daily consumption of ST-fermented milk may be beneficial in healthy or mildly hyper-LDL cholesterolaemic subjects through reductions in risk marker values of oxidative stress and/or cardiovascular diseases. The benefits were particularly remarkable in subjects who had higher levels of MDA-LDL.

The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…The mean probiotic administration was 67.01 ± 38.72 days (range = 28–186 days). Probiotic, not synbiotic, interventions were predominantly conducted ( n = 54) [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 88 , 89 ]. Probiotic powders were administered in 15 studies [ 31 , 36 , ...…”

Potential of favorable effects of probiotics fermented milk supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The results from subgroup analysis showed that SBP had a significant decreasement in pre-HTN and HTN subset (WMD: −5.14 mmHg; 95% CI: −8.45, −1.83, P < .001); as outlined in Table 2. Overall, 24 eligible studies [15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]28,29,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] (with 31 treatment arms), including a total of 2102 participants, examined the effect of PFM supplementation on DBP. Combining the findings based on random-effects model, we found that DBP had not any significant change after PFM supplementation (WMD: −1.04 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.51 to 0.44, P = .167) compared to the control group with significant heterogeneity between-study (I 2 = 79.2%, P < .001) (Figure 3), subgroup analysis could not explain this heterogeneity.…”

“…[48] Numerous of the earlier clinical trials noted that increased intake of fermented dairy products reduces the risk of high BP. [21,22,34,36,37,41] However, there is no general agreement on this point. [25,33,35] Our findings were in contrast with earlier meta-analyses that evaluated the effect of PFM on BP.…”

“…The detailed steps of the selection process are summarized in Publication date of articles ranged from 1996 to 2018. Selected studies were conducted in Iran [20,23,28] Japan, [16,26,34,37,[40][41][42] Finland, [19,22,38] Brazil, [24,32] Denmark, [17,35] Germany, [33] Mexico, [29] Australia, [25] Korea, [15] China, [21] Canada, [39] and Estonia. [36] All of studies used parallel design exception of Hutt study [36] that used cross-over design.…”

“…Nine trials enrolled participants with mild or high hypertension and prehypertension [,16,,17,,19,,21,,22,,29,,34,,38,,41] and other trials were conducted on different disease. [15,20,[23][24][25][26]28,32,33,[35][36][37]39,40,42] Three studies were conducted on male [26,40,41] and other studies conducted on both gender. [15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]28,29,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]42] General study characteristic is summarized in Table 1.…”