Stress and Catecholamines

Stone, Eric A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3138-4_2

Cited by 153 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…One cannot envision that the synthesis of this very important neurotransmitter could be controlled only by the Trp supply from the plasma. It has been reported that immobilization (acute stress) has an influence on brain 5-HT syn thesis (Stone, 1975, Glavin, 1985. A prolonged im mobilization (in the single time point method up to 8 h, relative to 4-5 h in the dual time point method) could also have some effect on the rate of 5-HT synthesis in the dorsal and median raphe and the pineal body.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regional Rate of Serotonin Synthesis Estimated by the α-Methyl-Tryptophan Method in Rat Brain from a Single Time Point

Dikšić

Saijo

Grdiša

1995

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: A simplified approach to the measurement of the rate of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in laboratory ani mals is presented using autoradiography and labeled u-methyl-L-tryptophan, The method is based on the as sumption that the volume of distribution of an apparent precursor pool is the same in all brain structures, The apparent distribution volume (Vapp) of the tracer was es timated from our previous data and found to be 0.45 ± 0.1 ml g-1 (n = 147) as an average in all brain structures.When this value of Vapp was used, the rates of 5-HT synthesis in the rat brain structures, calculated from the single time point method, were not significantly different Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is a neu rotransmitter widely distributed throughout the brain. Because of this, 5-HT has been implicated in many diseases (Asberg et aI., 1976; Ohuoha et aI., 1993; Wessel et aI., 1993) and in diverse behaviors such as locomotion and learning (Klein et aI., 1982 where both Vappcand K* were estimated. The rates from the -two approaches did not differ when compared by analysis of variance (p > 0.8), Mann-Whitney rank sum test (p > 0.11), Bonferroni-corrected two-tailed t test, or when the ratio between two groups was tested against the hypothesis of being I. The agreement between rates of 5-HT synthesis estimated by the two methods was very good, suggesting that the simplified method proposed here is appropriate for these kind of measurements.

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confidence: 99%

The Regional Rate of Serotonin Synthesis Estimated by the α-Methyl-Tryptophan Method in Rat Brain from a Single Time Point

Dikšić

Saijo

Grdiša

1995

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Central noradrenergic systems are also activated in stress (Stone, 1975;Dunn and Kramarcy, 1984). In an earlier study, mice administered the +-antagonist idazoxan at a dose (1 .O mg/ kg) that increases both norepinephrine (NE) release (Scheinin and Virtanen, 1986) and neuronal firing in the locus coeruleus (Goldstein et al, 1983) experienced a stress-like decrease in exploratory behavior when tested in the MCC (Berridge and Dunn, 1987b).…”

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Restraint-stress-induced changes in exploratory behavior appear to be mediated by norepinephrine-stimulated release of CRF

1989

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Exploratory behavior, measured by the time an animal spends investigating objects in a novel environment, has been shown to be sensitive to prior exposure of the animal to stressors. or the number of rears. These results implicate noradrenergic systems in the stress-related changes in this behavior, consistent with our parallel measures of the production of NE catabolites. Thus, both CRF and noradrenergic systems appear to be involved in the effect of restraint on exploratory behavior in this task. Neither DSP-4 nor prazosin had any effect on the CRFinduced decrease in exploratory behavior. However, the CRF antagonist a-helical CRF,,, (20 fig, i.c.v.) reversed the decrease in exploratory behavior induced by phenylephrine. The most likely explanation is that the 2 systems act in tandem such that noradrenergic systems regulate the release of brain CRF via an a,-adrenoreceptor.This arrangement parallels that involved in the release of hypothalamic CRF to activate the pituitary-adrenal axis. The implications of these results for research on stress-related behaviors and for the etiology of depression are discussed.

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“…Taking into account the anatomical and physiological similarities between the LC and the sympathetic ganglia, these authors proposed that a major function of the LC was to dampen the organism's response to stressors. This hypothesis is supported by the wellknown data on the reactivity of the LC system to stressful situations (Anisman, 1978;Stone, 1975;Tsuda et al, 1982;Weiss et al, 1981). For example, various observations have shown that novel stimuli and, more generally, all transitional states are stressful and produce an activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Long-term modulation of learning following locus coeruleus stimulation: Behavioral and neurochemical data

Velly

Kempf²,

Cardo³

et al. 1985

Psychobiology

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This paper summarizes some behavioral and neurochemical data relating to the delayed effect oflocus coeruleus stimulation on the learning capabilities ofthe rat. The first observation showed that electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus of a 15-day-old rat improved the acquisition and extinction of a food-reinforced operant task performed 4 weeks later. The neurochemical lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle, 10 days before the stimulation, did not decrease the behavioral effect, whereas the neurochemical lesion of the locus coeruleus proper suppressed the improvement. Furthermore, we studied the long-term effect of the stimulation on some biochemical parameters of the coerulean system: First, the turnover of noradrenaline increased in the locus coeruleus 4 days after the stimulation, whereas it decreased 4 weeks after the treatment in the nucleus proper and in the hippocampus. Second, 4 weeks after the stimulation, the characteristics of some adrenoceptor populations were significantly changed, in particular regions of the brain. The number of al"adrenoceptors was increased in the cortex, the hippocampus, and particularly the hypothalamus. The number of al-adrenoceptors was increased in the cortex. Neither the number nor the affinity of {3 receptors was altered by the stimulation. Likewise, the number of al-, a,-, and {3-adrenoceptors in the brainstem was not changed. These results are discussed. To explain our behavioral data, we assume that the performance improvement in prestimulated rats is due, for the most part, to a reduced reaction to stressful situations. On this basis, the stressreduction hypothesis is tentatively related to the binding data showing that the most significant increase of the a2-receptors was observed in the hypothalamus.In previous studies, we showed that electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus of 15-day-old rats significantly enhanced the learning of various tasks examined 4 weeks later. We first demonstrated that this stimulation improved the acquisition and extinction of a foodreinforced task (Velley & Cardo, 1977). In subsequent experiments, we observed the same effect on the acquisition and reversal of a light-dark discrimination, whether appetitively or aversively reinforced, as well as on the acquisition of a one-way avoidance task (Velley, Chassaing, & Cardo, 1981).

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Stress and Catecholamines

Cited by 153 publications

References 155 publications

The Regional Rate of Serotonin Synthesis Estimated by the α-Methyl-Tryptophan Method in Rat Brain from a Single Time Point

The Regional Rate of Serotonin Synthesis Estimated by the α-Methyl-Tryptophan Method in Rat Brain from a Single Time Point

Restraint-stress-induced changes in exploratory behavior appear to be mediated by norepinephrine-stimulated release of CRF

Long-term modulation of learning following locus coeruleus stimulation: Behavioral and neurochemical data

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