Stress and immune system in fish

Urbinati, Elisabeth Criscuolo; Zanuzzo, Fábio S.; Biller, Jaqueline Dalbello

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815872-2.00005-1

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…However, when in prolonged stress conditions, secondary stress responses can change the tertiary stress responses. During the adaptive phase, energy is prioritized towards organs and other physiological functions related to survival such as breathing, swimming, osmoregulation and tissue repair, reducing the contribution of energy to long‐term anabolic activities such as growth, reproductive process and immune functions (Barton, 2002; Urbinati et al, 2020; Wendelaar Bonga, 1997).…”

Section: Physiological and Immulogical Alterations Caused By Formalinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system is the first line of defence against invading agents, whereas acquired immunity is related to the elimination of the pathogen in a late stage and the production of immunological memory. The innate system includes cellular components, which are defence cells, that is granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells; and humoral components, that is the complement system, antimicrobial enzyme system, and nonspecific mediators such as interferon and interleukins (Urbinati et al, 2020). For Arapaima gigas , short‐term exposures in baths (1 h) to 220–550 mg/L of formalin showed no alterations in erythrocytes and leukocyte parameters (Andrade‐Porto et al, 2017).…”

Section: Physiological and Immulogical Alterations Caused By Formalinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, stressors of a chronic nature lead to compromises of the energy stores, with the onset of physiological exhaustion and a reduced growth rate. The impairment of the fish defence system affects its health, welfare and survival (Barton, 2002; Urbinati et al, 2020; Wendelaar Bonga, 1997). The suppression on growth may be due to adverse effects of formalin on metabolism of the exposed fish (Omoregie et al, 1998).…”

Section: Growth Performance Alterations Of Freshwater and Marine Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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The search for more effective methods and drugs to control parasites in fish farming is constant. Several studies have evaluated the effects of formalin in freshwater and marine fish and their parasites. Thus, this paper focuses on the major toxicological aspects of this chemotherapeutic including growth performance, histopathological damages, haematological and biochemical alterations, and antiparasitic efficacy. Acute toxicity (LC50—96 h) to formalin sulphate vary widely among fish species (0.1–640.0 mg/L) depending on various factors, as many fish species are sensitive to concentrations near those required for controlling and treating parasites. The toxicity of formalin on some metabolic processes leads to disturbances and imbalances to various physiological functions, particularly respiration and haematological and biochemical processes, due to histopathological damages in gills and haematopoietic organs. Formalin often affects the gills, liver, kidney and spleen, and in the gills provokes an increase in mucus and chloride cells, hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy of lamellae and epithelial lifting. Formalin used in therapeutic baths is extremely effective against various protozoan and monogenean species, which are parasites that infect gills, skin and/or fins of farmed freshwater and marine fish.

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Section: Physiological and Immulogical Alterations Caused By Formalinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Immulogical Alterations Caused By Formalinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Performance Alterations Of Freshwater and Marine Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…Acclimatization practices are used in studies with fish assuming that, when the animals are subjected to conditions different from the ones they are adapted to, the fish undergo adaptation mechanisms to recover body homeostasis (Urbinati et al, 2000). However, these mechanisms require a certain period to get activated (Nyboer & Chapman, 2017; Sidell et al, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing methodological aspects of stool collection by sedimentation in digestibility studies with pirarucu ( Arapaima gigas )

Ramos

Fracalossi

Freitas

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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This study aimed at optimizing the sedimentation method for stool collection in digestibility tests in pirarucu. In the first trial, juvenile fish (435.26 ± 10.80 g) received the reference diet with chromium oxide to determine the gastrointestinal transit time (GITT). In the second, the fish were fed the reference and two test diets (corn and soybean meal) for 15 days. The apparent dry matter, protein and phosphorus digestibility coefficients (ADC) were determined to verify the time of acclimatization to the experimental diets. The stool pattern was visually analysed on day 5 and 10 of acclimatization. The third trial evaluated the maximum stool collection time for reduced nutrient leaching 30 min, 1, 6 and 12 h after evacuation as well as the stool collected directly from the rectum. GITT was 5.5 h. ADC varied during the initial acclimatization and stabilized between days 8 and 10, corroborating a consistent visual pattern on day 10 than on day 5. Nutrient ADC increased with increased stool collection time, except with a 30‐min interval, which presented ADC similar to rectum samples. Pirarucu stool must be collected from day 10 for a 30‐min interval about 30 min after the second daily meal.

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“…These adverse reactions may include disorders of the respiratory metabolic system and the endocrine system, abnormalities in immune functions, injuries to gill, liver and kidney tissue, tissue cell apoptosis, decreased disease resistance and other changes [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Fortunately, current research directed toward improving the immune ability and enhancement of the stress resistance of fish is promising [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Live transport of edible fish has a crucial value in international trade, and one essential prerequisite for keep-alive transport is that the transported fish remain alive and experience a low stress response [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil in Comparison with Anaesthetics on Gill Tissue Damage, Liver Metabolism and Immune Parameters in Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) during Simulated Live Transport

Wang

Mei

Cao

et al. 2021

Biology

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In the current study, Melissa officinalis L. essential oil (MOEO), a novel sedative and anaesthetic, was employed in transport water to obtain a lower stress effect and higher survival rate for live marine fish. The effect of MOEO and various types of anaesthetics, administered at a low temperature on gill morphology, liver function and immunological parameters of living sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) subjected to transport stress, was evaluated to optimize the anaesthetic and sedative concentrations during live sea bass transport. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of sea bass, subjected to simulated live transport for 72 h, demonstrated that the changes in the morphological characteristics of gill tissue treated with 40 mg/L MOEO (A3 group) were minimal in comparison to those observed in untreated sea bass. The results of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), hexokinase (HK), hepatic glycogen (Gly), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxides (MDA) and Caspase-3 assays indicated that the glycolysis rate, energy consumption, lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte apoptosis were the lowest in the A3 group. The values of the two immune parameters, lysozyme (LZM) and fish immunoglobulin M (IgM), indicated the strongest immunity ability in the A3 group. After 12 h recovery, sea bass treated with 30 mg/L MS-222 (B group) displayed a 100% survival rate, sea bass treated with 20 mg/L (A2 group) and 40 mg/L (A3 group) MOEO displayed a 96% survival rate, sea bass treated with 20 mg/L eugenol (C group) had a 94% survival rate, and untreated sea bass (CK group) had a 50% survival rate. Therefore, the addition MOEO to the transport water had anaesthetic and sedative effects similar to MS-222 and eugenol. The results confirmed that the addition of MOEO to the transport water could reduce tissue damage, energy metabolism, and the oxidative stress response in sea bass during transport.

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Stress and immune system in fish

Cited by 25 publications

References 221 publications

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Optimizing methodological aspects of stool collection by sedimentation in digestibility studies with pirarucu ( Arapaima gigas )

Effects of Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil in Comparison with Anaesthetics on Gill Tissue Damage, Liver Metabolism and Immune Parameters in Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) during Simulated Live Transport

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