Stress generation theory in couples with depression: A latent profile analysis

Abstract

Depressive symptoms and conflict negatively affect romantic relationships, but does this differ among couples? Using a stress generation theory framework, we aim to understand the types of profiles based on both partners’ responses of depressive symptoms and conflict. We used data from 1,598 German couples (different-sex) and conducted latent profile analyses in order to examine if there are different profiles of couples related to the male and female partners’ depressive symptoms and levels of conflict. We then examined if these profiles predicted relationship instability 1 year later. Our results revealed four profiles: congruent low conflict, incongruent female moderate conflict, incongruent male moderate conflict, and congruent moderate conflict. Both males and females in the congruent low and moderate conflict profiles showed agreement in their level of depressive symptoms and conflict, hence congruent. However, males and females differed in their levels of depressive symptoms and conflict in two incongruent profiles. For example, females in the incongruent female moderate conflict profile had higher levels of depressive symptoms and conflict than their partners. Prior depressive symptoms and conflict increased the odds of being in the incongruent female moderate conflict, incongruent male moderate conflict, and congruent moderate conflict profiles compared to the congruent low conflict profile. The congruent moderate conflict profile had the highest probability of relationship instability 1 year later. This study adds to our knowledge about the different profiles of couples with depressive symptoms and conflict as well as relationship instability.

Couple Classes of Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Associations with Relationship Satisfaction

“…This study extends our previous work in which we investigated dyadic classes of both partners’ depressive symptoms at one time point (Morgan et al, 2020). This is the first known study to examine dyadic classes of both partners’ depressive symptoms over time.…”

“…Testing the heterogeneity of depression allows researchers to parse out groups of people who experience different levels of symptomatology over time. We identified one previous study that used mixture modeling on a large sample of German couples that identified four types of couples ranging in level of depressive symptoms and conflict at one point in time (Morgan et al, 2020). The study of a large population-based sample illustrated that partners and couples vary in severity of depressive symptoms.…”