Stress-responsive AMP Kinase like protein regulates encystation of Entamoeba invadens

Goswami, Piyali; Samanta, Sintu Kumar; Agarwal, Tarun; Ghosh, Sudip Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111507

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Entamoeba makes chitin, while the Acanthamoeba cyst wall is mainly composed of cellulose. AMPK, the enzyme that maintains ATP homeostasis [23], has been shown to be involved in encystation, as well as in heat stress and OS of Entamoeba [35], and has homologs in Acanthamoeba that could also be involved in stress responses.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Stress In Pathogenic Amoebae During Encystationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encystation and Stress Responses under the Control of Ubiquitin-like Proteins in Pathogenic Amoebae

Samba-Louaka,

Labruyère,

Matondo

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Amoebae found in aquatic and terrestrial environments encompass various pathogenic species, including the parasite Entamoeba histolytica and the free-living Acanthamoeba castellanii. Both microorganisms pose significant threats to public health, capable of inducing life-threatening effects on humans. These amoebae exist in two cellular forms: trophozoites and cysts. The trophozoite stage is the form used for growth and reproduction while the cyst stage is the resistant and disseminating form. Cysts occur after cellular metabolism slowdown due to nutritional deprivation or the appearance of environmental conditions unfavourable to the amoebae’s growth and division. The initiation of encystation is accompanied by the activation of stress responses, and scarce data indicate that encystation shares factors and mechanisms identified in stress responses occurring in trophozoites exposed to toxic compounds derived from human immune defence. Although some “omics” analyses have explored how amoebae respond to diverse stresses, these studies remain limited and rarely report post-translational modifications that would provide knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying amoebae-specific stress responses. In this review, we discuss ubiquitin-like proteins associated with encystation and cell survival during oxidative damage. We aim to shed light on the signalling pathways involved in amoebic defence mechanisms, with a focus on their potential clinical implications against pathogenic amoebae, addressing the pressing need for effective therapies.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Stress In Pathogenic Amoebae During Encystationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encystation and Stress Responses under the Control of Ubiquitin-like Proteins in Pathogenic Amoebae

Samba-Louaka,

Labruyère,

Matondo

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Cholesteryl sulfate (CS), the final product of sulfur metabolism, and Phospholipase D (PLD), an enzyme involved in lipid second messenger signaling, enhance the encystation process when used in the in vitro culture medium (Ehrenkaufer et al, 2013; Mi‐ichi et al, 2015). Both EiMAPK15, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and EiAMPK, an AMP‐activated protein kinase, get upregulated during encystation and play an active role in the regulation of encystation (Goswami et al, 2022; Singh et al, 2018). The metabolic cofactor NAD + also affects the encystation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both EiMAPK15, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, and EiAMPK, an AMP-activated protein kinase, get upregulated during encystation and play an active role in the regulation of encystation (Goswami et al, 2022;Singh et al, 2018). The metabolic cofactor NAD + also affects the encystation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Three‐amino acid loop extension homeodomain proteins regulate stress responses and encystation in Entamoeba

Meenakshi,

Balbhim,

Sarkar

et al. 2023

Molecular Microbiology

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It is interesting to identify factors involved in the regulation of the encystation of Entamoeba histolytica that differentiate trophozoites into cysts. Evolutionarily conserved three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins act as transcription factors and execute a variety of functions that are essential for life. A TALE homeodomain (EhHbox) protein‐encoding gene has been identified in E. histolytica (Eh) that is highly upregulated during heat shock, glucose, and serum starvation. Its ortholog, EiHbox1, a putative homeobox protein in E. invadens (Ei), is also highly upregulated during the early hours of encystation, glucose starvation, and heat shock. They belong to the PBX family of TALE homeobox proteins and have conserved residues in the homeodomain that are essential for DNA binding. Both are localized in the nucleus during encystation and under different stress conditions. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that the recombinant GST‐EhHbox binds to the reported TGACAG and TGATTGAT motifs. Down‐regulation of EiHbox1 by gene silencing reduced Chitin synthase, Jacob, and increased Jessie gene expression, resulting in defective cysts and decreased encystation efficiency and viability. Overall, our results suggest that the TALE homeobox family has been conserved during evolution and acts as a transcription factor to control the differentiation of Entamoeba by regulating the key encystation‐induced genes.

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Heterotrophic nitrification processes driven by glucose and sodium acetate: New insights into microbial communities, functional genes and nitrogen metabolism from metagenomics and metabolomics

Hu,

Tian,

Deng

et al. 2024

Bioresource Technology

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Stress-responsive AMP Kinase like protein regulates encystation of Entamoeba invadens

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Encystation and Stress Responses under the Control of Ubiquitin-like Proteins in Pathogenic Amoebae

Encystation and Stress Responses under the Control of Ubiquitin-like Proteins in Pathogenic Amoebae

Three‐amino acid loop extension homeodomain proteins regulate stress responses and encystation in Entamoeba

Heterotrophic nitrification processes driven by glucose and sodium acetate: New insights into microbial communities, functional genes and nitrogen metabolism from metagenomics and metabolomics

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