Stretch-activated current in human atrial myocytes and Na+ current and mechano-gated channels’ current in myofibroblasts alter myocyte mechanical behavior: a computational study

Abstract

BackgroundThe activation of stretch-activated channels (SACs) in cardiac myocytes, which changes the phases of action potential repolarization, is proven to be highly efficient for the conversion of atrial fibrillation. The expression of Na+ current in myofibroblasts (Mfbs) regenerates myocytes’ action potentials, suggesting that Mfbs play an active role in triggering cardiac rhythm disturbances. Moreover, the excitation of mechano-gated channels (MGCs) in Mfbs depolarizes their membrane potential and contributes to the increased risk of post-infarct arrhythmia. Although these electrophysiological mechanisms have been largely known, the roles of these currents in cardiac mechanics are still debated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanical influence of these currents via mathematical modeling. A novel mathematical model was developed by integrating models of human atrial myocyte (including the stretch-activated current, Ca2+–force relation, and mechanical behavior of a single segment) and Mfb (including our formulation of Na+ current and mechano-gated channels’ current). The effects of the changes in basic cycle length, number of coupled Mfbs and intercellular coupling conductance on myocyte mechanical properties were compared.ResultsOur results indicated that these three currents significantly regulated myocyte mechanical parameters. In isosarcometric contraction, these currents increased segment force by 13.8–36.6% and dropped element length by 12.1–31.5%. In isotonic contraction, there are 2.7–5.9% growth and 0.9–24% reduction. Effects of these currents on the extremum of myocyte mechanical parameters become more significant with the increase of basic cycle length, number of coupled Mfbs and intercellular coupling conductance.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that stretch-activated current in myocytes and Na+ current and mechano-gated channels’ current in Mfbs significantly influenced myocyte mechanical behavior and should be considered in future cardiac mechanical mathematical modeling.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Modulates Gap Junction Functionality and Connexin 43 and 26 Expression During TGF-β1–Induced Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition: Clues for Counteracting Fibrosis

“…Moreover, even if myofibroblasts are not regarded as electrically excitable cells, they show peculiar biophysical properties and trans-membrane ion currents typical of smooth muscle cells. In this regard, it has been reported that human atrial myofibroblasts can express a Na + current (I Na ) and biophysical properties that could give rise to regenerative action potentials [19,20]. In addition, myofibroblasts typically show the inward-rectifier K + current (I kir ), which especially increases under TGF-β1-treatment [21][22][23][24].…”