Stretchable, Highly Durable Ternary Nanocomposite Strain Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring of Flexible Aircraft

Yin, Feng; Ye, Dong; Zhu, Chen; Qiu, Lei; Huang, YongAn

doi:10.3390/s17112677

Cited by 90 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Applications of such sensors include their use as wearable, soft sensor joints on the surface of the skin, which can measure the biological and physiological activities of the user. These advantages and developments have attracted growing attention and applications in artificial intelligence [4,5], human motion detection [6][7][8], human facial expression recognition [9,10], intelligent robots [11,12], and health monitoring [13,14], among others [15]. However, in view of the widespread application of these sensors, several important requirements and considerations need to be met.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Strain Sensor Based on the Porous Structure of a Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Conducting Network for Human Motion Detection

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Sensors

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High-performance flexible strain sensors are playing an increasingly important role in wearable electronics, such as human motion detection and health monitoring, with broad application prospects. This study developed a flexible resistance strain sensor with a porous structure composed of carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A simple and low-cost spraying method for the surface of a porous polydimethylsiloxane substrate was used to form a layer of synergized conductive networks built by carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. By combining the advantages of the synergetic effects of mixed carbon black and carbon nanotubes and their porous polydimethylsiloxane structure, the performance of the sensor was improved. The results show that the sensor has a high sensitivity (GF) (up to 61.82), a wide strain range (0%–130%), a good linearity, and a high stability. Based on the excellent performance of the sensor, the flexible strain designed sensor was installed successfully on different joints of the human body, allowing for the monitoring of human movement and human respiratory changes. These results indicate that the sensor has promising potential for applications in human motion monitoring and physiological activity monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Strain Sensor Based on the Porous Structure of a Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Conducting Network for Human Motion Detection

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…As temperature sensitivity is a critical factor that affects the practical applications of force sensors, the resistance variation ratios of the EBD force sensors were evaluated as a function of temperature. The resistance variation ratios increased linearly as the temperature increased from 25 to 80 °C, and the obtained temperature coefficients of resistance (TCR) of the force sensors prepared at EBD currents of 10, 20, and 30 mA were −1935, −1739, and −1465 ppm °C −1 , respectively; these are much lower than the mean TCR of carbon black/CNT/ polydimethylsiloxane composite (2500 ppm °C −1 ) and carbon black/polyethylene composite (7109 ppm °C −1 ) (Figure S5, Supporting Information). The decrease in the resistance of the G/PI nanocomposites with the increase in temperature can be attributed to voltage differences across the tunneling junctions between the graphene flakes due to thermal fluctuations and the low thermal expansion coefficient of polyimide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the universality of this technique and diverse mechanical properties of different polymers, the obtained conductive nanocomposites exhibit a wide range of elastic moduli. The dependence of electrical resistivity on force can be adjusted by changing the nanomaterial concentration . To achieve a high sensitivity in the low‐stress regime, porous structures and microdome/pyramid arrays have been developed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Breakdown‐Induced Tunable Piezoresistivity in Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposites for Flexible Force Sensor Applications

Jiang

Xing

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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nanomaterials with excellent electrical properties have been used in flexible piezoresistive force sensors, such as graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphite nanoplatelets. The electronic band structure of graphene is shifted by its in-plane elastic strain, which causes attractive changes in the electrical properties under structural deformation. [10] Uniform nanographene films obtained by chemical vapor deposition have been reported to exhibit a gauge factor of over 250, whereas the maximum strain was found to be less than 0.4%. [11,12] To achieve force sensors with a high stress sensitivity and a large strain range, macroscopic 3D monoliths of these nanomaterials with high porosity and compressibility have been developed. [13][14][15][16][17] Lv et al. demonstrated a simple sparkling strategy to produce ultralight graphene blocks. [15] Kim et al. transformed an inelastic CNT aerogel into a superelastic material by coating it with graphene nanoplatelets. [16,17] The above-mentioned 3D monoliths exhibit good electrical conductivity and high compressive strain ranges. However, the sparkling approach generates air bubbles with a size of 100-300 µm, forming a macroporous framework. The coating of CNT aerogel with graphene nanoplatelets involves the conversion of polyacrylonitrile into graphene at 1010 °C with the shrinkage of CNT aerogels. The fabrication of monoliths using the above-mentioned strategies has many challenges such as high temperatures and dimension shrinkage in microfabrication. These monoliths are all fabricated on the macroscale and face many challenges in microfabrication.Electrically conductive nanocomposites comprising carbonbased nanomaterials and insulating polymer matrices have been used in force sensors because of their excellent stretchability, low cost, and facile process of fabrication. [18][19][20][21] Owing to the universality of this technique and diverse mechanical properties of different polymers, the obtained conductive nanocomposites exhibit a wide range of elastic moduli. The dependence of electrical resistivity on force can be adjusted by changing the nanomaterial concentration. [22,23] To achieve a high sensitivity in the low-stress regime, porous structures and microdome/pyramid arrays have been developed. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Lee et al. fabricated an ultrasensitive pressure sensor by an electrospinning process, [30] and Park et al. demonstrated the detection of Flexible force sensors based on graphene/polymer nanocomposites have attracted tremendous attention owing to their remarkable sensitivity and ease of fabrication. In the present study, nanocomposites consisting of graphene as conducting fillers in a polyimide matrix are prepared, and an electrical breakdown method is used to endow the nanocomposite with a high piezoresistivity. Electromechanical tests and theoretical models confirm that the piezoresistivity of the nanocomposite originates from the cracks in the carbonized polymers induced by electrical breakdown. The fabricated force sensor exhibits a bro...

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“…In comparison to the existing traditional aircrafts, NSVs have unique characteristics, such as multipurpose, multiple working modes, high mobility, large flight envelope, etc. [3] However, in near space, NSVs suffer from strong nonlinearity, serious multivariate coupling and uncertainties. The particular aerodynamic characteristics and working environment not only bring benefits, but also bring difficulties to controller design [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-Structure Near-Space Vehicles with Time-Varying State Constraints Attitude Control Based on Switched Nonlinear System

Feng

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This study is concerned with the attitude control problem of variable-structure near-space vehicles (VSNSVs) with time-varying state constraints based on switched nonlinear system. The full states of vehicles are constrained in the bounded sets with asymmetric time-varying boundaries. Firstly, considering modeling uncertainties and external disturbances, an extended state observer (ESO), including two distinct linear regions, is proposed with the advantage of avoiding the peaking value problem. The disturbance observer is utilized to estimate the total disturbances of the attitude angle and angular rate subsystems, which are described in switched nonlinear systems. Then, based on the estimation values, the asymmetric time-varying barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is employed to construct the active disturbance rejection controller, which can ensure the full state constraints are not violated. Furthermore, to resolve the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem in backstepping control, a modified dynamic surface control is proposed. Rigorous stability analysis is given to prove that all signals of the closed-loop system are bounded. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

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Stretchable, Highly Durable Ternary Nanocomposite Strain Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring of Flexible Aircraft

Cited by 90 publications

References 34 publications

A Flexible Strain Sensor Based on the Porous Structure of a Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Conducting Network for Human Motion Detection

A Flexible Strain Sensor Based on the Porous Structure of a Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Conducting Network for Human Motion Detection

Electrical Breakdown‐Induced Tunable Piezoresistivity in Graphene/Polyimide Nanocomposites for Flexible Force Sensor Applications

Variable-Structure Near-Space Vehicles with Time-Varying State Constraints Attitude Control Based on Switched Nonlinear System

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