Striga: Biological Control Strategies for a New Millennium

Hess, D. E.; Kroschel, J.; Traoré, Doulaye; Elzein, Abuelgasim; Marley, P. S.; Abbasher, A. A.; Diarra, C.

doi:10.1002/9780470384923.ch31

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…One reason for the lack of genetic variation for the Striga vigor score at some locations in both RIPs (i.e., at Alupe in the short rains, Table 4) was a severe infection of Striga plants by Striga antagonists, like Fusarium species, that reduced Striga vigor and led to the death of many newly emerged Striga plants. While efforts are underway to exploit these natural antagonists for biological control of Striga (e.g., Hess et al, 2002), the unwanted presence of these hyperparasites in a field interferes with screening for Striga resistance. Experimental areas in which Striga antagonist populations are well established should therefore be avoided for this work.…”

Section: Striga Vigor Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of indirect and direct selection traits for improving Striga resistance in two sorghum recombinant inbred populations

Omanya

Haussmann

Hess

et al. 2004

Field Crops Research

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Breeding of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) for resistance to the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. has been hampered by the difficulty of evaluating host resistance in the field and lack of reliable screening techniques. Therefore, we investigated the value of various indirect and direct measures of Striga resistance as selection traits. Two sorghum recombinant inbred populations of 226 F 3:5 lines each were developed from the crosses (1) IS 9830 Â E 36-1 and (2) N 13 Â E 36-1. Strigaresistant line IS 9830 is characterized by low stimulation of Striga seed germination, whereas Striga-susceptible line E 36-1 produces germination stimulants in abundance. Line N 13 possesses ''mechanical'' resistance and probably also an antibiosis mechanism. Resistance was assessed in 1997 and 1998 using in vitro agar-gel assays with Striga seeds from Kenya, Mali, and Niger, pot trials in the respective three countries, and field experiments in Kenya and Mali. The agar-gel assay proved to be a useful, precise and fast indirect selection method to screen for sorghum entries with the low-stimulant character. However, correlation analysis showed that this resistance mechanism was ineffective in some environments, especially in Kenya, pointing to the necessity of field evaluation. Because of low heritability estimates and moderate to low correlations to Striga resistance under field conditions, pot screening appeared to be of limited use in breeding programs. The field trials confirmed the effectiveness of several direct measures of Striga resistance in sorghum: emerged Striga counts, Striga severity index, and area under the Striga number or severity progress curves. A two-row plot field layout with an empty row between plots, coupled with artificial infestation of test rows, lattice design and six replications offered an improved screening procedure that achieved high heritability. Significant genotype Â environment interactions in the field experiments stress the importance of multi-locational trials to achieve stable Striga resistance.

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Section: Striga Vigor Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of indirect and direct selection traits for improving Striga resistance in two sorghum recombinant inbred populations

Omanya

Haussmann

Hess

et al. 2004

Field Crops Research

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“…In other parts of WCA especially Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali where drought is prominent, it remains the main biotic constraint to sorghum and millet production (Debrah 1994;Mullen et al, 2003). Yield losses in these areas, particularly under drought conditions may be very high, between 90 -100% (Haussmann et al, 2000;Hess et al, 2002;Marley et al, 2002).…”

Section: Variability In Host Plant Resistance Of Sorghum To Striga Hementioning

confidence: 97%

Variability in host plant resistance of Sorghum toStriga Hermonthicainfestation in West Africa

Marley

Touré

Shebayan

et al. 2004

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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Fourteen elite sorghum lines were evaluated for their resistance to Striga hermonthica at three locations in Nigeria and Mali. Results showed that many of the lines especially MALISOR 84-1, SAMSORG 41, 97-SB-F5DT-64 (Keninke´die´) and the check SRN 39 remained resistant to Striga in all locations with low emerged Striga counts, while SAMSORG 14 had the highest Striga infestation in all locations. Considerable variation in reaction to Striga infestation was observed on Se´gue`tana, 97-SB-F5DT-63 (Wasa), 97-SB-F5DT-65, CMDT 38, CMDT 39 and CMDT 45 which were susceptible to Striga at Samaru, Nigeria but were resistant to Striga at both locations in Mali. Based on low Striga resistance and high grain yield, lines MALISOR 84-1, SAMSORG 41, 97-SB-F5DT-64, 97-SB-F5DT-65, CMDT 39 and SAMSORT 14 have been nominated for wider evaluation across more West African countries.

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“…The volume of mycoherbicide involved necessitates the development of the mycoherbicide into forms that reduce the quantity to be applied. Hess et al (2002) reported that formulated granules have added advantage of a longer shelf life and a reduction in the quantity of inoculum applied to the field. Further, since direct pre-sowing spot application of the mycoherbicide is the most effective, a technology that combines these two key characteristics will be most suitable.…”

Section: On-farm Evaluation Of F Oxysporummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The development of F. oxysporum into a mycoherbicide in liquid and granular formulations has been reviewed (Hess et al 2002) and the need for their evaluation for efficacy under field and on-farm conditions emphasised. The present study evaluates F. oxysporum (isolate PSM 197), isolated from S. hermonthica in the Nigerian savanna (Marley et al, 1999) for its field and on-farm efficacy in the control of the witch weed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field assessment of Fusarium oxysporum based mycoherbicide for control of Striga hermonthica in Nigeria

Marley

Shebayan

2005

Biocontrol

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Fusarium oxysporum (isolate PSM 197) based mycoherbicide was evaluated for its efficacy under field conditions in trials conducted during 1999-2001 cropping seasons in the Nigerian savanna. In the 1999 cropping season, spot application of 5-10 g of mycoherbicide was found to give effective control of Striga hermonthica. Results of on-farm trials at Barhim and Dutsen-Ma areas showed the application of the mycoherbicide to significantly (p ¼ 0.05) increase stand count at both 3 weeks and at harvest, reduced Striga shoot count and increased crop yield in both improved and local sorghum varieties, as compared with the same varieties not treated with the mycoherbicide. Results establish the efficacy of F. oxysporum as a mycoherbicide and the need for further development of the mycoherbicide into formulated granules or seed treatment for use in control of S. hermonthica under field conditions.

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Striga: Biological Control Strategies for a New Millennium

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Utility of indirect and direct selection traits for improving Striga resistance in two sorghum recombinant inbred populations

Utility of indirect and direct selection traits for improving Striga resistance in two sorghum recombinant inbred populations

Variability in host plant resistance of Sorghum toStriga Hermonthicainfestation in West Africa

Field assessment of Fusarium oxysporum based mycoherbicide for control of Striga hermonthica in Nigeria

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