Strip-dried blood sampling: applicability for bovine leukemia virus detection with ELISA and real-time PCR

Dried Blood Spots technology for veterinary applications and biological investigations: technical aspects, retrospective analysis, ongoing status and future perspectives

“…That is why, along with other numerous approaches and devices for volumetric sampling of whole blood, the researchers consider the alternative non-cellulose materials for DBS preparations to minimize these effects. Some veterinary studies were performed with the use of nitrocellulose, nylon (Vilček et al 2001 ; Wang et al 2002 ) and fiberglass membranes (Samsonova et al 2014 , 2017 , 2019a , b ; Saushkin et al 2016a , b , 2019 ). Just a few works were devoted to compare cellulose and non-cellulose membrane carriers for particular investigations.…”

“…Later, Nobuto cellulose strips were found useful for wildlife sampling as a convenient tool for whole blood collection in a field, directly from a puncture or a wound (Table 1 ). Another type of stripes made of fiberglass and divided into equal zones for collecting and analysing of dried whole blood, serum or milk by ELISA and PCR were described (Samsonova et al 2014 , 2017 , 2019a , b ; Saushkin et al 2016a , b , 2019 ). The proposed strip provides volumetric biofluid microsampling due to the properties of absorbing non-cellulose material consisted from solid fibers and the shape of the strip.…”

“…The proposed strip provides volumetric biofluid microsampling due to the properties of absorbing non-cellulose material consisted from solid fibers and the shape of the strip. This fiber glass strip has advantages over cellulose material in terms of mechanical strength, easiness of aliquoting of dried sample, small influence of sample hematocrit and uniform biofluid/analyte distribution across the strip (Samsonova et al 2016 , 2017 , 2022 ; Saushkin et al 2019 ). Based on similar principle a comb-shape 12-spot DBS card was designed that can be directly placed into ELISA plate wells for elution of antibodies (Knuuttila et al 2014 ).…”

“…Analysis of the published works revealed that to perform serological tests the conditions of dried biosample extraction from cellulose carrier were chosen by authors empirically and usually included incubation of dried sample in a buffer solution from 1–2 h to overnight or even 24 h at room temperature or + 4 °C. At the same time it was shown that 20–30 incubation under shaking at room temperature is enough to release antibodies from whole blood, serum or plasma dried on a glassfibre strip (Saushkin et al 2016b , a , 2019 ; Samsonova et al 2019a , b ). Some works described the optimization of antibodies elution time and temperature (Hopkins et al 1998 ; Chadio et al 2002 ).…”

Triple Immunochromatographic System for Simultaneous Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, and Leukemia

“…Currently, however, ELISA [17] and the fluorescence polarization assay [18] are successfully used to detect specific antibodies against M. bovis. Serodiagnostics of bovine leukemia virus also include modifications of ELISA [19,20], immunodiffusion in agar gel, and immunoblotting [21].…”