Stroke and its correlates among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon

Abstract

BackgroundEnd‐stage kidney disease is an independent risk factor for stroke; however, the relationship between hemodialysis and stroke in Sub‐Saharan Africa has not been established.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, associated factors, and clinical outcome of stroke among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon.MethodsA hospital‐based retrospective study using data from the medical files of 1060 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (given twice a week) was conducted. Patients with stroke prior to starting hemodialysis were excluded. Socio‐demographic data, comorbidities, dialysis parameters, and data concerning the diagnosis of stroke were retrieved and analyzed.ResultsThe dialysis vintage (duration of time on dialysis) averaged 11.4 ± 9.2 months. The incidence of stroke was 6.1 events per 1000 patient‐years, with hemorrhagic stroke being most common (66%). Eighty percent of strokes occurred before the 30th month of dialysis. Sixty percent of strokes occurred within 24 h of a dialysis session. Predictive factors for stroke were diabetes mellitus (p = 0.026), heart failure (p = 0.045), poor dialysis compliance (p = 0.001), and short vintage (p = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 52% and was higher for hemorrhagic stroke (60%). The leading causes of death were multiple organ failure and sepsis.ConclusionThe incidence of stroke is high among hemodialysis patients in Cameroon and hemorrhagic stroke is the commonest type. Diabetes and heart failure triple the risk of stroke. Mortality in patients who suffered a stroke was high.

Early Detection of Inflammation and Malnutrition and Prediction of Acute Events in Hemodialysis Patients through PINI (Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index)

“…Vascular imaging studies have documented an augmented prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerosis among dialysis subjects compared to those with normal renal function, consistent with the well-established association between renal impairment and generalized atherosclerotic vascular alteration. Although associated with a shorter prognosis, the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 survivors remain largely unclear [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”