Strombolian surface activity regimes at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, as observed by Doppler radar, infrared camera and infrasound

Meier, K.; Hort, Matthias; Wassermann, Joachim; Garaebiti, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.07.038

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Indeed, the S vent eruption (Figure 2b and supporting information Movie S4) occurs during a period when the vent is badly obscured by prior ash eruptions and the vent conditions cannot be readily observed. Similar event types have been distinguished in the prior acoustic studies at Yasur (Meier et al, 2016;Spina et al, 2016) with small and large eruption events (Figure 4) being represented in the earlier work. (Figures 3a and 3c) and S Crater (Figures 3b and 3d) activity.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Letterssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…For these cases, the video records show quite similar impulsive eruptions while the resulting waveforms differ. This distinction implies that in some cases, very different waveform characteristics may be expressed visually with similar eruption features, highlighting the importance of careful characterization as outlined in Spina et al (2016) and Meier et al (2016). Indeed, the S vent eruption (Figure 2b and supporting information Movie S4) occurs during a period when the vent is badly obscured by prior ash eruptions and the vent conditions cannot be readily observed.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recent work has focused on the visual, acoustic (Meier et al, 2016;Spina et al, 2016), and seismic aspects of the volcano and its eruptive activity (Battaglia et al, 2016;Kremers et al, 2013). The persistent degassing of exsolved magmatic gasses (Oppenheimer et al, 2006) produce gas-rich magmatic eruptions which are of limited size, allowing for visual observation of a wide range of eruption styles whose variations may be related to the vent geometry, magma dynamics, and fragmentation characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capturing the Acoustic Radiation Pattern of Strombolian Eruptions using Infrasound Sensors Aboard a Tethered Aerostat, Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

Jolly

Matoza

Fee

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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We obtained an unprecedented view of the acoustic radiation from persistent strombolian volcanic explosions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, from the deployment of infrasound sensors attached to a tethered aerostat. While traditional ground‐based infrasound arrays may sample only a small portion of the eruption pressure wavefield, we were able to densely sample angular ranges of ~200° in azimuth and ~50° in takeoff angle by placing the aerostat at 38 tethered loiter positions around the active vent. The airborne data joined contemporaneously collected ground‐based infrasound and video recordings over the period 29 July to 1 August 2016. We observe a persistent variation in the acoustic radiation pattern with average eastward directed root‐mean‐square pressures more than 2 times larger than in other directions. The observed radiation pattern may be related to both path effects from the crater walls, and source directionality.

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Section: Geophysical Research Letterssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Geophysical Research Lettersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capturing the Acoustic Radiation Pattern of Strombolian Eruptions using Infrasound Sensors Aboard a Tethered Aerostat, Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

Jolly

Matoza

Fee

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…La Spina et al, (2016) observed two decoupled styles of degassing from infrasound data: puffing, which was near-constant, and strombolian explosions. Meier et al, (2016) highlighted the ash-rich and ash-poor (or bomb-rich), styles and their similarity at Yasur to those of Stromboli (Gaudin et al, 2014b;Patrick et al, 2007;Ripepe et al, 2005;Ripepe and Marchetti, 2002;Taddeucci et al, 2012). Kremers et al (2013) were able to calculate the lengths of gas slugs generating the strombolian explosions on Yasur as ranging from 59 to 244 m, with mean and median values of 112 m and 103 m respectively.…”

Section: Yasur Volcano and Observed Activity During 5 Th To 11 Th Julmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu

Ilanko¹,

Pering²,

Wilkes³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Here, we present the first ultraviolet (UV) camera measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2) flux from Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, for the period 6th – 9th July 2018. These data yield the first direct gas measurement-derived calculations of explosion gas masses at Yasur. Yasur typically exhibits persistent passive gas release interspersed with frequent strombolian explosions. We used compact forms of the ‘PiCam’ Raspberry Pi UV Camera system (Wilkes et al., 2017, 2016) powered through solar panels to collect images. Our daily median SO2 fluxes range from 4.0 – 5.1 kg s-1, with a measurement uncertainty of -12.2% to +14.7%, including errors from: gas cell calibration drift, uncertainties in plume direction and distance, as well as plume velocity. This work highlights the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for plume velocity determination, which was preferred over the typically used cross-correlation and optical flow methods because of the ability to function over a variety of plume conditions. We calculate SO2 masses for strombolian explosions of 8 – 81 kg (mean of 32 kg), which is, to our knowledge, the first budget of explosive gas masses from this target. Through the use of a simple statistical measure using the moving minimum, we estimate that passive degassing is the dominant mode of gas emission at Yasur, supplying an average of ~69% of the total gas released. Our work further highlights the utility of UV camera measurements in volcanology and, in particular, the benefit of the multiple camera approach in error characterisation. This work also adds to our inventory of gas-based data to characterise the spectrum of strombolian activity across the globe.

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“…Strombolian eruptions have been observed in only a few other volcanoes, for example, Mt. Erebus (Aster et al 2003;Johnson and Aster 2005;Dibble et al 2008), Yasur Volcano (Meier et al 2016;Spina et al 2015), Heimaey (Self et al 1974;Blackburn et al 1976), Etna (McGetchin et al 1974Donnadieu 2010, 2011) and Alaid (Steinberg and Babenko 1978). Activities of Strombolian eruptions do not always have the same characteristics (e.g., ejection velocity, energy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of ballistic projectiles during the 2015 Aso Strombolian eruptions

Tsunematsu

Ishii

Yokoo

2019

Earth Planets Space

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Large pyroclasts-often called ballistic projectiles-cause many casualties and serious damage on people and infrastructures. One useful measure of avoiding such disasters is to numerically simulate the ballistic trajectories and forecast where large pyroclasts deposit. Numerical models are based on the transport dynamics of these particles. Therefore, in order to accurately forecast the spatial distribution of these particles, large pyroclasts from the 2015 Aso Strombolian eruptions were observed with a video camera. In order to extrapolate the mechanism of particle transport, we have analyzed the frame-by-frame images and obtained particle trajectories. Using the trajectory data, we investigated the features of Strombolian activity such as ejection velocity, explosion energy, and particle release depth. As gas flow around airborne particles can be one of the strongest controlling factors of particle transport, the gas flow velocities were estimated by comparing the simulated and observed trajectories. The range of the ejection velocity of the observed eruptions was 5.1-35.5 m/s, while the gas flow velocity, which is larger than the ejection velocity, reached a maximum of 90 m/s, with mean values of 25-52 m/s for each bursting event. The particle release depth, where pyroclasts start to move separately from the chunk of magmatic fragments, was estimated to be 11-13 m using linear extrapolation of the trajectories. Although these parabolic trajectories provide us with an illusion of particles unaffected by the gas flow, the parameter values show that the particles are transported by the gas flow, which is possibly released from inside the conduit.

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Strombolian surface activity regimes at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, as observed by Doppler radar, infrared camera and infrasound

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Capturing the Acoustic Radiation Pattern of Strombolian Eruptions using Infrasound Sensors Aboard a Tethered Aerostat, Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

Capturing the Acoustic Radiation Pattern of Strombolian Eruptions using Infrasound Sensors Aboard a Tethered Aerostat, Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu

Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu

Transport of ballistic projectiles during the 2015 Aso Strombolian eruptions

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