The optical window is a key part
of a sensor specially used for
oceanographic detection, but it is often severely affected by marine
biofouling and oil pollution, resulting in reduced transparency and
lifespan. Hydrogel, as a hydrophilic polymer network, has excellent
antifouling effects with good transparency, but it is difficult to
adhere to substrates, which greatly limits its practical applications.
To solve the above problem, a transparent Janus hydrogel wet adhesive
was prepared through modifying poly(vinyl alcohol)/glycerol–tannic
acid/Cu2+ (PVA/Gly-TA/Cu2+) hydrogel with the
underwater adhesive poly(dopamine methacrylamide-co-methoxyethyl acrylate) (P(DMA-co-MEA)) via the
coordination effect between Cu2+ and catechol. Even when
coated with adhesive, the sample still retained good transmittance.
The presence of Cu2+ endowed the hydrogel with better tensile
strength and, at the same time, can improve the adhesion of the hydrogel
to the substrate through the coordination effect with the adhesive.
The tensile stress of Janus hydrogels can even reach 4.4 MPa, and
the adhesion strength of the obtained Janus hydrogel can reach about
14 kPa in seawater. Furthermore, the Cu-rich Janus hydrogel presented
a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of surface algae. The
oil contact angle of the Janus hydrogel was as high as 148° underwater.
After the hydrogel was reswollen, there were lower algae densities
on the surfaces of the hydrogel and little change in transparency.
Considering the above properties, this novel Janus hydrogel is anticipated
to be a promising protective material to solve the marine pollution
problem confronting optical equipment.