Strong correlation of total phenotypic resistance of samples from household environments and the prevalence of class 1 integrons suggests for the use of the relative prevalence of intI1 as a screening tool for multi-resistance

Lucassen, Ralf; Rehberg, Laura; Heyden, M.; Bockmühl, Dirk P.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218277

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…All these genes presented positive correlations among them ( Figure 5 ). Commonly intl1 can be found in the environment positively correlated with several ARGs [ 6 ] and its abundance is strongly correlated with the abundance of multi-drug resistant bacteria [ 47 ]. intl1 and s ul1 are located together on MGEs and hence linked [ 28 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater

et al. 2020

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An increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments has been linked to environmental pollution. Mining polluted sites with high concentration of metals could favor the in situ coselection of ARGs, whereas wastewater discharges release fecal antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. To study the effect of human fecal contamination and mining pollution, water and sediment samples affected by mining activities and sewage discharges were collected from three lakes in Bolivia, the pristine Andean lake Pata Khota, the Milluni Chico lake directly impacted by acid mine drainage, and the Uru-Uru lake located close to Oruro city and highly polluted by mining activities and human wastewater discharges. Physicochemical parameters, including metal composition, were analyzed in water and sediment samples. ARGs were screened for and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) together with the mobile element class 1 integron (intl1), as well as crAssphage, a marker of human fecal pollution. The gene intl1 was positively correlated with sul1, sul2, tetA, and blaOXA-2. CrAssphage was only detected in the Uru-Uru lake, and its tributaries and significantly higher abundance of ARGs were found in these sites. Multivariate analysis showed that crAssphage abundance, electrical conductivity, and pH were positively correlated with higher levels of intl1 and ARGs. Taken together, our results suggest that fecal pollution is the major driver of higher levels of ARGs and intl1 in environments contaminated by wastewater and mining activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater

et al. 2020

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“…For purification of total DNA, the Fast DNA Spin Kit for Soil (MP Bio, Santa Ana, CA, USA) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions with the following adjustments as performed before [ 19 , 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were washed twice using the SEWS-M solution of the kit. After DNA-extraction, real-time quantitative PCR was performed for the detection of resistance genes and samples were sent to Eurofins Genomics for microbiome profiling using NGS (Next generation sequencing) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher amounts of pathogens on toothbrushes might especially pose a health risk for risk groups including infants, elderly people, pregnant women, and people with a deficient immune system. Besides bacterial contamination of toothbrushes in general, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) might be of interest as well, since antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as class 1 integrons as an indicator of ABR have been detected in the domestic environment [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] as well as in the oral microbiome [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Toothbrush Microbiome: Impact of User Age, Period of Use and Bristle Material on the Microbial Communities of Toothbrushes

2020

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Toothbrushes play a central role in oral hygiene and must be considered one of the most common articles of daily use. We analysed the bacterial colonization of used toothbrushes by next generation sequencing (NGS) and by cultivation on different media. Furthermore, we determined the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the impact of different bristle materials on microbial growth and survival. NGS data revealed that Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Actinomycetaceae, and Streptococcaceae comprise major parts of the toothbrush microbiome. The composition of the microbiome differed depending on the period of use or user age. While higher fractions of Actinomycetales, Lactobacillales, and Enterobacterales were found after shorter periods, Micrococcales dominated on both toothbrushes used for more than four weeks and on toothbrushes of older users, while in-vitro tests revealed increasing counts of Micrococcus on all bristle materials as well. Compared to other environments, we found a rather low frequency of ARGs. We determined bacterial counts between 1.42 × 106 and 1.19 × 107 cfu/toothbrush on used toothbrushes and no significant effect of different bristles materials on bacterial survival or growth. Our study illustrates that toothbrushes harbor various microorganisms and that both period of use and user age might affect the microbial composition.

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“…All these genes presented positive correlations among them (Fig 5). Commonly intl1 can be found in the environment positively correlated with several ARGs (6) and its abundance is strongly correlated with the abundance of multi-drug resistant bacteria (39). intl1 and sul1 are located together on MGEs and hence linked (40, 41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integron: Evidence of fecal pollution as a major driver for their abundance in water and sediments impacted by metal contamination and wastewater in the Andean region of Bolivia

Agramont

Gutiérrez-Cortez

Joffré

et al. 2020

Preprint

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26Water and sediment samples affected by mining activities were collected from 27 three lakes in Bolivia, the pristine Andean lake Pata Khota, the Milluni Chico lake 28 directly impacted by acid mine drainage, and the Uru-Uru lake located close to 29 Oruro city and highly polluted by mining activities and human wastewater 30 discharges. Physicochemical parameters, including metal compositions, were 31 analyzed in water and sediment samples. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), 32 were screened for, and verified by quantitative PCR together with the mobile 33 element class 1 integron (intl1) as well as crAssphage, a marker of human fecal 34 pollution. The gene intl1 showed a positive correlation with sul1, sul2, tetA and 35 blaOXA-2. CrAssphage was only detected in Uru-Uru lake and its tributaries and 36 significantly higher abundance of ARGs were found in these sites. Multivariate 37 analysis showed that crAssphage abundance, electrical conductivity and pH were 38 positively correlated with higher levels of intl1 and ARGs. Taken together our 39 results suggest that fecal pollution is the major driver of higher ARGs and intl1 in 40 wastewater and mining contaminated environments. 41 3 48 can be incorporated and replicated in environmental microorganisms, thereby 49 increasing their concentration (3). 50 It has been reported that anthropogenic activities cause pollution of aquatic 51 environments with ARGs and MGEs (4). Wastewater discharges cause co-52 occurrence of MGEs and different ARGs in water and sediments (5). At a 53 continental scale, ARGs in sediments are strongly correlated with MGEs and 54antibiotic residues (6). Recently, it has been observed that microorganisms living in 55 aquatic microbial communities that came from wastewater were able to transfer 56 ARGs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) after exposure to low levels of antibiotics 57 and biocides (7). Many of the ARGs that can be found in clinical settings have also 58 been found in the environment, suggesting the possibility of movement and 59 dissemination between these two scenarios (8). 60Mining activities cause contamination of downstream water with dissolved 61 metals (9) where heavy metals tend to accumulate in sediments (10). It has been 62 suggested that heavy metals can favor selection of ARGs via co-selection, i.e. the 63 simultaneous acquisition of both, ARG and metal resistance genes, where the 64 presence of metals constitutes the selective pressure (11). Several studies support 65 this relation. Urban soil samples of Belfast in Northern Ireland, exhibited a pattern 66 of co-occurrence between metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Hg, Cr and As) and many 67 ARGs. Moreover, the degree of metal toxicity was positively correlated with the 68 abundance of MGEs, and ARGs (12). Metals, as Cu and Zncan in some cases 69 exert stronger selection pressure over soil microbial communities for the selection 70 of resistant bacteria, even more than specific antibiotics (13). In the Dongying river 71 in China, the levels of Cu and Cr were positively c...

show abstract

Strong correlation of total phenotypic resistance of samples from household environments and the prevalence of class 1 integrons suggests for the use of the relative prevalence of intI1 as a screening tool for multi-resistance

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater

Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater

The Toothbrush Microbiome: Impact of User Age, Period of Use and Bristle Material on the Microbial Communities of Toothbrushes

Antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integron: Evidence of fecal pollution as a major driver for their abundance in water and sediments impacted by metal contamination and wastewater in the Andean region of Bolivia

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