Strong poison revisited

Prince, Roger C.; Gailer, Jürgen; Gunson, Diane E.; Turner, Raymond J.; George, Graham N.; Pickering, Ingrid J.

doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.008

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thiols also react with quinones via arylation (Michael adduct formation), and such reactions contribute significantly to quinone toxicity (33,66). LMW thiols are also likely to function as an intracellular buffer against a variety of other thiol-reactive compounds, including thiophilic metal ions such as cadmium and mercury (37), toxic metalloids such as arsenate=arsenite (4,53), and S-nitrosothiols that react by trans-nitrosylation (26).…”

Section: Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillithiol, a New Player in Bacterial Redox Homeostasis

Helmann

2011

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Bacillithiol (BSH), the a-anomeric glycoside of l-cysteinyl-d-glucosamine with l-malic acid, plays a dominant role in the cytosolic thiol redox chemistry of the low guanine and cytosine (GC) Gram-positive bacteria (phylum Firmicutes). BSH is functionally analogous to glutathione (GSH) but differs sufficiently in chemical structure that cells have evolved a distinct set of enzymes that use BSH as cofactor. BSH was discovered in Bacillus subtilis as a mixed disulfide with the redox-sensing repressor OhrR and in B. anthracis by biochemical analysis of pools of labeled thiols. The structure of BSH was determined after purification from Deinococcus radiodurans. Similarities in structure between BSH and mycothiol (MSH) facilitated the identification of biosynthetic genes for BSH in the model organism B. subtilis. Phylogenomic analyses have identified several candidate BSH-using or associated proteins, including a BSH reductase, glutaredoxin-like thiol-dependent oxidoreductases (bacilliredoxins), and a BSH-S-transferase (FosB) involved in resistance to the epoxide antibiotic fosfomycin. Preliminary results implicate BSH in cellular processes to maintain cytosolic redox balance and for adaptation to reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and electrophilic species. BSH also is predicted to chelate metals avidly, in part due to the appended malate moiety, although the implications of BSH for metal ion homeostasis have yet to be explored in detail. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 123-133.

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Section: Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillithiol, a New Player in Bacterial Redox Homeostasis

Helmann

2011

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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“…Although selenium (Se) has been initially known for its toxic characteristics (Davidson 1940;Moxon and Rhian 1943;Busby 1957;Oldfield 1987;Prince et al 2007), it is also an essential trace element of utmost relevance to human health (Navarro-Alarcón and López-Martínez 2000;BNF 2001;SACN-UK 2013). Selenium was firstly-and explicitly-ascribed an essential role in mammalian nutrition by Schwarz and Foltz (1957), even if it still took another one and a half decade for, independently yet almost simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) to be recognised as a selenoenzyme (Flohé et al 1973), and Se itself as a key biochemical regulator for the GSHPx antioxidant activity (Rotruck et al 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification

et al. 2014

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Agronomic biofortification of staple crops is an effective way to enhance their contents in essential nutrients up the food chain, with a view to correcting for their deficiencies in animal or human status. Selenium (Se) is one such case, for its uneven distribution in the continental crust and, therefore, in agricultural lands easily translates into substantial variation in nutritional intakes. Cereals are far from being the main sources of Se on a content basis, but they are likely the major contributors to intake on a dietary basis. To assess their potential to assimilate and biotransform Se, bread and durum wheat were enriched with Se through foliar and soil addition at an equivalent field rate of 100 g of Se per hectare (ha), using sodium selenate and sodium selenite as Se-supplementation matrices, in actual field conditions throughout. Biotransformation of inorganic Se was evaluated by using HPLC−ICP-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis for Se-species extraction in the resulting mature wheat grains. Selenomethionine and Se VI were identified and quantified: the former was the predominant species, representing 70-100 % of the total Se in samples; the maximum amount of inorganic Se was below 5 %. These results were similar for both supplementation methods and for both wheat varieties. Judging from the present results, one can conclude that agronomic biofortification of wheat may improve the nutritional quality of wheat grains with significant amounts of selenomethionine, which is an attractive option for increasing the Se status in human diets through Se-enriched, wheat-based foodstuff.

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“…Nevertheless, the process of binding harmful elements by selenium may lead to selenium deficiency for other biological functions (Gailer 2009;Schrauzer 2009). Presumably, lack of Se increases the sensitivity of organism to toxic (including carcinogenic) actions of the aforementioned metals (Prince et al 2007;Schrauzer 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Selenium interactions and toxicity: a review

2011

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Selenium is an essential trace element for mammals. Through selenoproteins, this mineral participates in various biological processes such as antioxidant defence, thyroid hormone production, and immune responses. Some reports indicate that a human organism deficient in selenium may be prone to certain diseases. Adverse health effects following selenium overexposure, although very rare, have been found in animals and people. Contrary to selenium, arsenic and cadmium are regarded as toxic elements. Both are environmental and industrial pollutants, and exposure to excessive amounts of arsenic or cadmium can pose a threat to many people's health, especially those living in polluted regions. Two other elements, vanadium and chromium(III) in trace amounts are believed to play essential physiological functions in mammals. This review summarizes recent studies on selenium interactions with arsenic and cadmium and selenium interactions with vanadium and chromium in mammals. Human studies have demonstrated that selenium may reduce arsenic accumulation in the organism and protect against arsenic-related skin lesions. Selenium was found to antagonise the prooxidant and genotoxic effects of arsenic in rodents and cell cultures. Also, studies on selenium effects against oxidative stress induced by cadmium in various animal tissues produced promising results. Reports suggest that selenium protection against toxicity of arsenic and cadmium is mediated via sequestration of these elements into biologically inert conjugates. Selenium-dependent antioxidant enzymes probably play a secondary role in arsenic and cadmium detoxification. So far, few studies have evaluated selenium effects on chromium(III) and vanadium actions in mammals. Still, they show that selenium may interact with these minerals. Taken together, the recent findings regarding selenium interaction with other elements extend our understanding of selenium biological functions and highlight selenium as a potential countermeasure against toxicity induced by arsenic and cadmium.

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Strong poison revisited

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Bacillithiol, a New Player in Bacterial Redox Homeostasis

Bacillithiol, a New Player in Bacterial Redox Homeostasis

Characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification

Selenium interactions and toxicity: a review

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