Structural and functional characterization of bacterial cellulose from Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii strain ZKE7

Development of novel biocomposites based on the clean production of microbial cellulose from dairy waste (sour whey)

“…A triplicate fermentation experiment using these optimization conditions was then conducted and an average dry weight of 20.14 ± 0.62 g/L was determined. This result depicted our model to be satisfactory in the group of high‐yield BC production (18.5–23 g/L), similar to the results obtained in previous reports by Raiszadeh‐Jahromi et al, Bagewadi et al, Bekatorou et al, and Salari et al 20,31,33,34 …”

“…The peaks at 3100–3500 (NH and OH stretching vibration), 2800–2950 (CH asymmetric stratching in methyl, methylene, and methoxy groups), 1620 (OH bending in cellulose as well as CN and NH stretching from PU), 1529 (amide II, NH bending), 1195 (COC symmetric stretching), 1080 (CN, CC, and CO stretching) and 828 cm −1 (SiOSi bending from DCDMS treated cellulose) were observed in the different prepared materials. The C═O bending band at 1720–1780 cm −1 appeared with significant intensity relating to the presence of PU and PLA, which was observable for all prepared samples 20,31,49,61,62 …”

“…While, the other factor designated as culture period [E] was investigated at three discrete concentration levels of high, medium, and low to reach the integer values of 14, 18, and 21 days. By slight modification, these concentration levels have been confirmed as the fit parameter ranges to achieve high BC yield in recent similar studies 16,31,33,34,39,40,52 . The standard HS medium was prepared as the control.…”

“…Nevertheless, both BC and KBC show low‐yields that somehow hampers the commercial application level of these green‐material sources with no sufficient degree to explore at high capacity 20,27,28 . In the effort to address this obstacle, different isolation techniques and using high‐yield fermentation bacterial strains or alternative nutrient sources (carbon and nitrogen) have been explored as solutions to significant increase cellulose yield during biosynthesis 16,19,29–35 . However, within the context of a circular economy and sustainable development trend, the liquid organic waste treatment ability of the KBC fermentation method is also necessary to pay attention to take advantage of its dual benefits (improving cellulose biosynthesis yield, while handled the emission sources).…”

“…Design of experiment (DoE) is a multipurpose statistical tool for optimal formulation and has been widely applied in the industrial sectors of pharmaceutics, biomedicine, cosmetics, textile, food, and agriculture 16,31,39,45–49 . Herein, DoE was applied to optimize the biosynthesis of KBC from dairy industrial wastes.…”