Structural and functional characterization of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthetase fromVibrio cholerae

Abstract

Several pathogenic bacteria utilize sialic acid, including host-derived N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), in at least two ways: they use it as a nutrient source and as a host-evasion strategy by coating themselves with Neu5Ac. Given the significant role of sialic acid in pathogenesis and host-gut colonization by various pathogenic bacteria, including Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida and Vibrio cholerae, several enzymes of the sialic acid catabolic, biosynthetic and incorporation pathways are considered to be potential drug targets. In this work, findings on the structural and functional characterization of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthetase (CMAS), a key enzyme in the incorporation pathway, from Vibrio cholerae are reported. CMAS catalyzes the synthesis of CMP-sialic acid by utilizing CTP and sialic acid. Crystal structures of the apo and the CDP-bound forms of the enzyme were determined, which allowed the identification of the metal cofactor Mg2+ in the active site interacting with CDP and the invariant Asp215 residue. While open and closed structural forms of the enzyme from eukaryotic and other bacterial species have already been characterized, a partially closed structure of V. cholerae CMAS (VcCMAS) observed upon CDP binding, representing an intermediate state, is reported here. The kinetic data suggest that VcCMAS is capable of activating the two most common sialic acid derivatives, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Amino-acid sequence and structural comparison of the active site of VcCMAS with those of eukaryotic and other bacterial counterparts reveal a diverse hydrophobic pocket that interacts with the C5 substituents of sialic acid. Analyses of the thermodynamic signatures obtained from the binding of the nucleotide (CTP) and the product (CMP-sialic acid) to VcCMAS provide fundamental information on the energetics of the binding process.

Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies, Bacillus shihchuchen, of the Bacillus cereus Group Isolated from Chinese Softshell Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

“…The synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or sialic acid) is catalyzed by N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase, which converts Neu5Ac into diphosphate and CMP-N-acylneuraminate [50]. Activated CMP-N-acylneuraminate is then incorporated into capsular polysaccharides [51]. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, the polysaccharide capsule is the primary surface structure of the organism and plays an important role in virulence, mostly by interfering with the host opsonophagocytic clearance systems [52].…”

Molecular determinants of Neu5Ac binding to a tripartite ATP independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporter

“…Our laboratory has made significant strides in elucidating the structural intricacies of the proteins involved in sequestration, uptake, catabolism, and incorporation of Neu5Ac by bacteria (Bose et al, 2019;Coombes et al, 2020;Currie et al, 2021;Davies et al, 2019;Horne et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2018;Manjunath et al, 2018;North et al, 2016;Setty et al, 2018).…”

“…Our laboratory has made significant strides in elucidating the structural intricacies of the proteins involved in sequestration, uptake, catabolism, and incorporation of Neu5Ac by bacteria (Bose et al, 2019; Coombes et al, 2020; Currie et al, 2021; Davies et al, 2019; Horne et al, 2020; Kumar et al, 2018; Manjunath et al, 2018; North et al, 2016; Setty et al, 2018). Bacteria rely on specialized Neu5Ac transporters within their cytosolic membranes, and four distinct classes of Neu5Ac transporters have been identified: sodium solute symporters (SSS) (North et al, 2018), major facilitator superfamily (MFS), ATP-binding cassette (ABC), and tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters (Davies et al, 2023; Severi et al, 2021).…”

Targeting multiple proteins that scavenge, transport and metabolize Neu5AC in Gram-negative bacteria

“…We have published earlier the structure of the periplasmic sialic acid binding proteins from several Gram -ve bacteria, including H. influenzae and H. ducreyi [2,3]. We also reported the structures of the enzyme NanA the first enzyme in the conversion of Neu5Ac into F-6-P, and CMP-Sialic acid synthase, the enzyme that produces the activated sugar for the glycosyl transferase to add sialic acid to Lipooligosaccharide [4,5].…”