Structural Aspects and Characterization of Structure in the Processing of Titanium Grade4 Different Chips

Abstract

This study presents the structural aspects of the solid-state processing of various titanium chips. The structural characterization of: (1) commercial pure Ti in the as-received state, (2) manufactured chips, and (3) products of the chip processing are presented. Pure single-phase titanium Grade4 (Ti Gr4) was processed which, among all grades of pure titanium, is characterized by the lowest possible purity and the highest possible strength at the same time. Four geometries of chips were processed, i.e., chips after turning (thin and coarse), and chips after milling (thin and coarse). An unconventional plastic working method was applied to transform a dispersed form (chips) into solid, bulk metal in the form of rods without re-melting. The rods with a diameter of Ø8 mm and a length of about 500 mm were manufactured. Based on computer tomography and Archimedes measurements, it was found that the manufactured rods were consolidated and near fully dense. In turn, microscopy investigations proved that conventional, polycrystalline, grained structures were obtained. Only an insignificantly small number of internal defects were revealed, meaning that the obtained rods exhibited a proper structure typical for commercial titanium. Obtained materials, except of small surface inclusions, were fee of impurities. Whereas the results of the compression tests proved that the manufactured rods are characterized by new interatomic bonds, cohesion and plasticity analogous to those of titanium in the as-received state.

Recent Advancements in Material Waste Recycling: Conventional, Direct Conversion, and Additive Manufacturing Techniques

“…The materials obtained from this procedure exhibited a conventional grain structure and were free from any significant defects such as porosity and impurities. Topolski et al [259] studied the structural aspects of the solid-state processing of titanium chips. Pure single-phase titanium Grade4 (Ti Gr4) was processed.…”

Titanium Alloys and Titanium-Based Matrix Composites

“…The next three papers describe the effects of unconventional manufacturing and processing methods. Topolski et al [17] consolidated titanium chips into solid, bulk material by extrusion of the briquettes into the form of solid rods using the KOBO method. Structural aspects of the solid-state processing of various titanium chips were analyzed.…”

Homogeneity of Titanium Manufactured by Solid State Chips Recycling

“…The process resulted in a rod 8mm in diameter and about 700mm long. More information about this method and processing procedure analogous to those applied in this work can be found in the reference (Topolski et al, 2021).…”