Structural behavior evaluation of Brazilian glulam wood sleepers when submitted to static load

Passos, Luana; Carrasco, Edgar Vladimiro Mantilla

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.031

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…From Figure 10 , it is obvious that the EPDM rubber support is not a suitable material for the middle support for timber, SC and concrete sleepers, as it failed to reproduce a bending moment envelope similar to that of the BOEF as well as very low value of negative bending moment (hogging) at the centre. This is supported by the findings of Carrasco et al (2012) [ 66 ] that sleepers of similar bending modulus would show a clear W-shape bending behaviour, meaning a hogging moment is expected for these sleepers under similar load. This behaviour is caused by the big differences between the stiffness of the resilient pad and the sleepers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials

et al. 2021

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Alternative sleeper technologies have been developed to address the significant need for the replacement of deteriorating timber railway sleepers. The review of the literature indicates that the railway sleepers might fail while in service, despite passing the evaluation tests of the current composite sleeper standards which indicated that these tests do not represent in situ sleeper on ballast. In this research, a new five-point bending test is developed to evaluate the flexural behaviour of timber replacement sleeper technologies supported by ballast. Due to the simplicity, acceptance level of evaluation accuracy and the lack of in-service behaviour of alternative sleepers, this new testing method is justified with the bending behaviour according to the Beam on Elastic Foundation theory. Three timber replacement sleeper technologies—plastic, synthetic composites and low-profile prestressed concrete sleepers in addition to timber sleepers—were tested under service loading condition to evaluate the suitability of the new test method. To address the differences in the bending of the sleepers due to their different modulus of elasticities, the most appropriate material for the middle support was also determined. Analytical equations of the bending moments with and without middle support settlement were also developed. The results showed that the five-point static bending test could induce the positive and negative bending moments experienced by railway sleepers under a train wheel load. It was also found that with the proposed testing spans, steel-EPDM rubber is the most suitable configuration for low bending modulus sleepers such as plastic, steel-neoprene for medium modulus polymer sleepers and steel-steel for very high modulus sleepers such as concrete. Finally, the proposed bending moment equations can precisely predict the flexural behaviour of alternative sleepers under the five-point bending test.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials

et al. 2021

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“…Upon assessing the hazardousness of WRSW, it is found, whether the substance concentrations do not exceed the limit values established in Regulation. Therefore, in evaluating the hazardousness of WRSL, it is necessary not only to carry out the studies of contamination with PAH, but also find the concentrations of heavy metals (Černi, Kalambura, Jovičić, Grozdek, & Kreč, 2015), phenols (Bolin & Smith, 2013a, 2013bCarrasco, Passos, & Mantilla, 2012;Ikarashi, Kaniwa, & Tsuchiya, 2005; Kohler & Künniger, 2003;Künniger, Schmid, Gujer, Crockett, & Wolfensberger, 2000) and other hazardous contaminants.…”

Section: Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Contamination Research and Hazard Assessment of the Waste of the Wooden Railway Sleeper

Vilniškis

Vaiškūnaitė

2018

BJRBE

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Before being put to use, wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote to increase their longevity and protect them from any adverse environmental impact. Creosote consists of a number of chemical substances, and some of those substances, namely, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, are potent carcinogens. Apart from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, during their use, sleepers are mostly contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products. Upon railway reconstruction, wooden railway sleepers become the waste, which must be handled by the current legislation of the European Union. After determining the concentration of contaminants with laboratory research, it is possible to identify their hazard level and classify them as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. After conducting laboratory research on the waste of wooden railway sleeper analysed, they are classified as hazardous waste.

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“…The traditional stitching 5-purlin beam is shown in Fig.1. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. But the connecting conformation and the wood material were all different from those of Chinese stitching timber beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Flexural Behavior of Typical Chinese Traditional Timber Stitching Beams

Chun

Balen

Pan

2014

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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In Chinese traditional timber buildings, stitching is a very common way. When the bearing capacity or the rigidity is not adequate, a timber beam is often strengthened with another beam with stitching method. The timber stitching beams are mainly of two types, including Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 23:54 10 April 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 small-top-big-bottom type and big-top-small-bottom type respectively. In order to study the bending behavior of these two types of timber stitching beams, including the failure mode, the flexural capacity, the strain distribution at mid-span section and the maximum deflection, bending tests are carried out on fourteen timber stitching beams with Chinese traditional conformation. Seven of them are pine beams and the others are fir beams. The results show that the failure modes of the small-top-big-bottom type of stitching beams all show brittle fractures at the bottoms of the bottom beams. The failure modes of the big-top-small-bottom type of stitching beams all show brittle fractures at the bottoms of the top beams. The distribution of section strain along the height of each part of the beam basically obeys plane hypothesis. Based on the theoretical and experimental analysis, the calculation formulas of flexural capacity and maximum deflection of these two types of timber stitching beams made of pine and fir are presented respectively.

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Structural behavior evaluation of Brazilian glulam wood sleepers when submitted to static load

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials

Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials

Complex Contamination Research and Hazard Assessment of the Waste of the Wooden Railway Sleeper

Flexural Behavior of Typical Chinese Traditional Timber Stitching Beams

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