Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide From Lycopi Herba

Abstract

Lycopi Herba has been broadly used as a traditional medicinal herb in Asia due to its ability to strengthen immunity. However, it is still obscure for its material basis and underlying mechanisms. Polysaccharide, as one of the most important components of most natural herbs, usually contributes to the immunomodulatory ability of herbs. Here, we aimed to detect polysaccharides from Lycopi Herba and examine their potential immunomodulatory activity. A novel polysaccharide (LHPW) was extracted from Lycopi Herba and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography and G-100 sephadex. According to physicochemical methods and monosaccharide composition analysis, LHPW was mainly composed of galactose, glucose, fructose, and arabinose. NMR and methylation analyses indicated that LHPW was a neutral polysaccharide with a backbone containing →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, with the branches of →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→ and →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→. Immunological tests indicated that LHPW could activate macrophage RAW264.7 and promote splenocyte proliferation. This study discovered a novel polysaccharide from Lycopi Herba and showed it was a potential immunomodulator.

Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant, and Immunostimulatory Activities of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Raspberry Pulp

“…→4)- β -Gal p -(1→ (D), →3,6)- β -Gal p -(1→ (E), and →3)- β -Gal p -(1→ (F) were matched to the signals of δ H /δ C 4.56/105.74, 4.52/104.69 and 4.4/104.48, respectively. Similar signals of anomeric proton and carbon have been reported in some literature [ 26 , 27 ]. Residue G was found to have a downfield H-1 (4.45 ppm) and a downfield C-1 (103.63 ppm), consistent with →4)- β -Glc p -(1→ [ 28 ].…”

“…Of the multitude of immune cells, macrophages are the first line of defense with various activities, such as phagocytosis, surveillance, chemotaxis, and the destruction of targeted organisms [ 26 , 49 ]. Research has shown that a macrophage activation is a promising approach to improving host immune capability and strengthening disease resistance [ 50 ].…”

Isolation, Structural Characterization and Macrophage Activation Activity of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Raspberry Pulp

“…Residues C and G were identified as →2,4)- α -L-Rha p -(1→ and α -L-Ara p -(1→ by the anomeric signals at δ H /δ C 5.17/99.5 and 4.98/109.23, respectively [ 32 ]. The residue α -L-Ara f -(1→ (D) was matched with the signal of δ H /δ C 5.08/108.45 [ 7 ]. Residue E was found to have a downfield H-1 (5.04 ppm) and a downfield C-1 (98.7 ppm), consistent with →3,4)- α -D-Glc p -(1→ [ 33 ].…”

“…Previous studies have reported that most polysaccharides-induced actions are dependent on macrophage functional ability [ 6 ]. Macrophages are the first line of defense, with various activities performed by the multitudinous immune cells, such as phagocytosis, surveillance, chemotaxis, and destruction of targeted organisms [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Research has been proven that macrophage activation is a promising approach to improve host immune capability and strengthen disease resistance [ 10 ].…”

Chemical Structure and Immune Activation of a Glucan From Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii

“…The cell supernatants were collected. TNF-α proteins in the cell supernatants were measured using the ELISA kits (R&D) according to the instructions (19). To determine the effect of RATAPW on the growth profile of RAW264.7 cells, 0.5 mg/ml MTT was added to the plates and further incubated for 4 h at 37 • C. The optical density was measured at 570 nm.…”