Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a glucan from Radix Codonopsis

Li, Jiankuan; Yan, Wang; Ji, Jiaojiao; Cao, Lingya; Bai, Yune; Gao, Jianping

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104537

“…It is mainly assigned into polysaccharides and monosaccharides, which include inulin, fructose, α -D-fructose hexanol, and β -D-glucose hexanol. CP is rich in triterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including Atractylodes lactone II, Atractylodes lipid III, dandelion terpenol, dandelion terpenol acetate, cork ketone, and other compounds [ 13 ]. Phenylpropanoid compounds are isolated from CP, which are also the main active components, such as syringin, Codonopsis ginsenoside I, Codonopsis ginsenoside II, Codonopsis ginsenoside III, and Codonopsis ginsenoside IV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

Gong

¹

,

Hu

²

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objective. To explore the effect and mechanism of a new processing method of Codonopsis pilosula (CP) on the endocrine physique index in rats. Methods. The rats were randomly assigned into the control group, model group, CP group (3.75 g/kg crude drug), rice-fried CP group (3.75 g/kg crude drug), and honey-roasted CP group (3.75 g/kg), with 10 rats in each group. All rats were gavaged according to the body weight of 1 mL/100 g every morning for 3 weeks. The water extracts of different processed products of CP were given to the drug group, the blank group, and the model group which were given the same volume of normal saline during the experiment. The model group and each administration group were fed every other day and drank freely for 21 days, during which the weight was weighed every 2 days. The changes of the organ index; the contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (Cor); and the activity of sodium and potassium adenosine triphosphate (Na+K+-ATP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results. Effect on the organ index: the organ index of the control group, CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that of the model group, and the organ index of the honey moxibustion group was the highest ( P < 0.05 ). The level of cAMP and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in the model group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ); CGMP in the model group decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the level of cAMP in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased significantly, while the ratio of cGMP and cAMP/cGMP increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the level of cAMP and the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in the honey moxibustion group were lower compared to those in the other two groups, and the ratio of cGMP in the honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The contents of ACTH and Cor in the model group were significantly higher compared to those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the contents of ACTH and Cor in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group were significantly lower compared to those in the model group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the contents of ACTH and Cor in the honey moxibustion group were higher compared to those in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the model group was significantly higher compared to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the model group, the content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group, the content of the Na+K+-ATP enzyme in the honey moxibustion group was higher compared to that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ). The expression of AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA in the kidney tissue of the kidney yin deficiency model group was significantly higher compared to that of the control group ( P < 0 05 ). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of AQP1 and AQP2 mRNA in the renal tissue of rats in the CP group, rice-fried group, and honey moxibustion group decreased in different degrees ( P < 0.05 ). There was no statistical difference between the CP group, rice stir-frying group, and honey moxibustion group. Conclusion. This study proves that the new processing method of CP can improve the endocrine physique index of rats, enhance their organ quality, and regulate the disorder of water metabolism in kidney yin deficiency syndrome and has a certain therapeutic effect on kidney yin deficiency syndrome. Different new processing methods of CP have different effects on promoting endocrine physique indexes of rats. It is concluded that honey-roasted CP has the best effect on promoting spleen deficiency, which may be through glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, increasing ATP energy metabolism, so as to strengthen the symptoms of spleen deficiency in rats. The experimental data of this study indicate that the effect of honey-roasted CP is better compared to that of other processed products, which provides an experimental basis for the rational clinical application of the new processed products.

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“…Therefore, the present data indicated that DOP exhibited both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity. This dual-direction regulation was reported for other polysaccharides (44,45), which indicated that the immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides was a complicated process and needed to be further studied.…”

Section: Effects On Mrna Expressionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Acetyl-glucomannan from Dendrobium officinale: Structural modification and immunomodulatory activities

Guo

¹

,

Yang

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

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To understand the mechanisms of immunomodulatory effect, Dendrobium Officinale polysaccharides (DOP) were treated by ultrasound and mild base separately to generate fractions of various weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and degrees of acetylation (DA). The structural features, conformational properties, functional properties and immunomodulatory activities of original and modified DOPs were investigated. Ultrasonic treatment decreased the Mw and apparent viscosity and improved the water solubility of DOP. Mild base treatment remarkably reduced the DA and the water solubility, while the overall apparent viscosity was increased. Conformational analysis by triple-detector high performance size-exclusion chromatography showed that the molecular chain of DOP turned more compact coil conformation with decreased DA. Results from the macrophages RAW 264.7 analysis showed that samples sonicated for 200 min (Mw 34.2 kDa) showed the highest immune-regulation effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of the samples after de-acetylation were all compromised compared to the original DOP. This study inspires further research to establish the structural-immunomodulatory relationships, which promote the application of DOP in both the food and medicine fields.

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“…[26] A peak at 5.32/ 99. 40 5E). Based on the aforementioned results, two fragment of PNP-20 was obtained:…”

Section: Nmr Analysis Of Pnp-20mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The molecular weight of PNPs was determined by High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC) with three columns (Waters Ultra hydrogel 250, 1000 and 2000; 30 cm×7.8 mm; 6 μm particles) in series. [40] The calibration curve was made of T-series Dextran standards for estimating the molecular weight of PNPs.…”

Section: Molecular Weight Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Polysaccharide Separated from Panax Notoginseng Residue Ameliorates Restraint Stress‐ and Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Enteritis in Mice

Luo,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

2

0

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Polysaccharides are rich in Panax notoginseng residue after extraction. This study aims to explore the structural characteristics of PNP‐20, which is a homogeneous polysaccharide, separated from P. notoginseng residue by fractional precipitation and evaluate the anti‐enteritis effect of PNP‐20. The structure of PNP‐20 was determined by spectroscopic analyses. A mouse model with enteritis induced by restraint stress (RS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to evaluate the pharmacological effect of PNP‐20. The results indicated that PNP‐20 consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), Mannose (Man) and Rhamnose (Rha). PNP‐20 was composed of Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐Galp‐(1→, →4,6)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐Manp‐(1→ and →3)‐Rhap‐(1→, and contained two backbone fragments of →4)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐ α‐Glcp‐(1→ and →4)‐α‐Galp‐(1→4)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→. PNP‐20 reduced intestinal injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in RS‐ and LPS‐induced enteritis in mice. PNP‐20 decreased the expression of intestinal tumor necrosis factor‐α, NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, and nuclear factor‐κB and increased the expression of intestinal superoxide dismutase 2. In conclusion, PNP‐20 may be a promising material basis of P. Notoginseng for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

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Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a glucan from Radix Codonopsis

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

The Effect and Mechanism of New Processing Method of Codonopsis pilosula on Endocrine Physique Index in Rats

Acetyl-glucomannan from Dendrobium officinale: Structural modification and immunomodulatory activities

A Novel Polysaccharide Separated from Panax Notoginseng Residue Ameliorates Restraint Stress‐ and Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Enteritis in Mice

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