Structural Characterization of Graphite Nanoplatelets Synthesized from Graphite Flakes

Hm, Albetran

doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0325.v1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The number of layers along the c-axis (N c ) of graphene samples was calculated by the equation described by Seehra et al [ 27 ] (Equation (1)), where L c is the apparent crystallite size, which was determined from the Scherrer equation (Equation (2)) and d 002 is the interplanar spacing of for the (002) plane, which was calculated from the Bragg’s Law (Equation (3)) [ 28 , 29 ].

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbostratic Carbon/Graphene Prepared via the Dry Ice in Flames Method and Its Purification Using Different Routes: A Comparative Study

et al. 2022

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Although the dry ice method used to synthesize turbostratic carbon/graphene is little known and used, it has significant advantages over others, such as the following: it is low cost, simple, and a large quantity of material can be obtained using some inorganic and highly available acids (which can be reused). Despite the above advantages, the main reason for its incipient development is the resulting presence of magnesium oxide in the final product. In the present work, three different treatments were tested to remove this remnant using some acid chemical leaching processes, including hydrochloric acid, aqua regia, and piranha solution. Based on the experimental evidence, it was determined that using aqua regia and combining the leaching process with mechanical milling was the most efficient way of removing such a remnant, the residue being only 0.9 wt.%. This value is low compared to that obtained with the other acid leaching solutions and purification processes (2.8–29.6 wt.%). A mandatory high-energy mechanical milling stage was necessary during this treatment to expose and dissolve the highly insoluble oxide without secondary chemical reactions on the turbostratic carbon. High-energy mechanical milling is an effective route to exfoliate graphite, which allows the magnesium oxide to be more susceptible to acid treatment. A yield of turbostratic carbon/graphene of 1 wt.% was obtained from the metallic Mg. The obtained surface area was 504.8 m2g−1; this high value resulting from the intense exfoliation can potentiate the use of this material for a wide variety of applications.

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…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbostratic Carbon/Graphene Prepared via the Dry Ice in Flames Method and Its Purification Using Different Routes: A Comparative Study

et al. 2022

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“…The Raman spectra show the relatively higher peak shift of the D peak, a disordered GNP vibrational peak, for Ni-0.5GNP composites compared with Ni-2GNP and Ni-5GNP composites, with slight structural defects induced in the GNPs in Ni-0.5GNP. It is likely that when a lower concentration of reinforcement is present in the composites, the possibility of damaging the structural integrity of reinforcement during processing increases [65,66]. Another pattern observed in the intensity ratio (ID/IG) for these composites is that the intensity ratio is lower for Ni-0.5GNP composite, whereas the Ni-2GNP and Ni-5GNP composites exhibited relatively higher intensity ratios.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Based Nanomaterial-Reinforced Nickel Metal Matrix Composites

et al. 2021

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with exceptional mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrical properties are enticing reinforcements for fabricating lightweight, high-strength, and wear-resistant metal matrix composites with superior mechanical and tribological performance. Nickel–carbon nanotube composite (Ni-CNT) and nickel–graphene nanoplatelet composite (Ni-GNP) were fabricated via mechanical milling followed by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The Ni-CNT/GNP composites with varying reinforcement concentrations (0.5, 2, and 5 wt%) were ball milled for twelve hours to explore the effect of reinforcement concentration and its dispersion in the nickel microstructure. The effect of varying CNT/GNP concentration on the microhardness and the tribological behavior was investigated and compared with SPS processed monolithic nickel. Ball-on-disc tribological tests were performed to determine the effect of different structural morphologies of CNTs and GNPs on the wear performance and coefficient of friction of these composites. Experimental results indicate considerable grain refinement and improvement in the microhardness of these composites after the addition of CNTs/GNPs in the nickel matrix. In addition, the CNTs and GNPs were effective in forming a lubricant layer, enhancing the wear resistance and lowering the coefficient of friction during the sliding wear test, in contrast to the pure nickel counterpart. Pure nickel demonstrated the highest CoF of ~0.9, Ni-0.5CNT and Ni-0.5GNP exhibited a CoF of ~0.8, whereas the lowest CoF of ~0.2 was observed for Ni-2CNT and Ni-5GNP composites. It was also observed that the uncertainty of wear resistance and CoF in both the CNT/GNP-reinforced composites increased when loaded with higher reinforcement concentrations. The wear surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to elucidate the wear mechanism in these composites.

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“…The crystallinity of the particles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (D8 Discover, Bruker, Germany) using Cu Kα radiation at λ 1.5406 nm running conditions followed by a 0.01° step side in a 2θ scanning range of 10–90°. The crystalline parameters were calculated following the equation below, − where β represents the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the diffraction peak and k is constant with k 1 and k 2 equal to 1.84 and 0.94, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Graphite Scrap and Carbon Blocks Prepared by High-Solid-Loading Bead Milling and Conventional Ball Milling: A Comparative Assessment

Amnatsin,

Kanlayakan,

Lhosupasirirat

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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A comparison between the physical characteristics of graphite ultrafine particles and the properties of graphite blocks prepared from graphite scrap using bead and conventional ball milling techniques is presented. Industrial-scale bead milling was used to prepare graphite scrap with an initial particle size d 50 of 24 μm in the ultrafine range of <10 μm. Bead milling can significantly reduce the production time of ultrafine graphite from graphite scrap from 72 h by ball milling to 10 min. Ultrafine graphite scrap prepared from both ball milling and bead milling yields particles with a similar morphology, with a minor difference in crystalline size L a and stacking height L c observed. Carbon blocks were fabricated from both techniques, yielding carbon blocks with an almost identical microstructure and block density. Blocks from bead milling have slightly higher flexural strength as well as comparable hardness and resistivity. The block’s flexural strength, hardness, and resistivity were 68.37 MPa, 99, and 36.9 μΩ·m, respectively, in a bead-milled carbon block and 61.86 MPa, 95.5, and 38.6 μΩ·m, respectively, for a ball-milled carbon block. Bead milling can be applied for the preparation of ultrafine graphite particles and graphite blocks with production that is 9 times faster for the same ultrafine graphite particle output and final product quality.

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Structural Characterization of Graphite Nanoplatelets Synthesized from Graphite Flakes

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Turbostratic Carbon/Graphene Prepared via the Dry Ice in Flames Method and Its Purification Using Different Routes: A Comparative Study

Turbostratic Carbon/Graphene Prepared via the Dry Ice in Flames Method and Its Purification Using Different Routes: A Comparative Study

Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Based Nanomaterial-Reinforced Nickel Metal Matrix Composites

Ultrafine Graphite Scrap and Carbon Blocks Prepared by High-Solid-Loading Bead Milling and Conventional Ball Milling: A Comparative Assessment

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