Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of polystyrene films filled with AgNO3–FeCl3 mixed fillers

Characterization, electrical and magnetic properties of PVA films filled with FeCl3–MnCl2 mixed fillers

“…Furthermore, Fleming and Ranicar [1] concluded that the electrical conduction in polyvinyl chloride occurs via a hopping mechanism. The observed linear dependence of ln r on ln T, in a fair temperature range of 330-390 K, which is not shown here, allowed us to rule out the abovementioned conduction models and apply the interpolaron hopping model [8,22,23,28] previously discussed and modified by Kuivalainen et al [22]. Owing to the quasi one-dimensional conduction model, the resistivity can be expressed as…”

“…7. The experimental results depicted a temperature dependence of the Curie-Weiss behavior characterized by localized magnetic moments [5,28,[32][33][34]:…”

“…The dependence of m eff on the FL exhibited a non-linear character, as depicted in Fig. 9 indicated that the energy band diagram of this filled PVA system was characterized by magnetic localized energy states [5,28,[32][33][34].…”

“…Meanwhile, the nuclear spin of the fillers can be discussed as follows: the manganese nucleus possesses nuclear spin I ¼ 5/2, which leads to hyperfine splitting of 2I+1 ¼ 6 possible magnetic orientations with respect to the applied external magnetic field. On the contrary, the Fe nucleus of zero nuclear spin, I ¼ 0, has no hyperfine splitting [28,37,38]. Moreover, the unresolved spectrum can also be attributed to the fine structure due to the presence of Fe 3+ as well as Mn 2+ ions having five unpaired parallel spins, where there will be n equally spaced resonances in the ESR signal if there are n parallel spins [39].…”

“…These signals can be attributed to the formation of the octahedral structure of the Fe 3+ ions [28,[40][41][42]. Meanwhile, in the second region of the field, and at X ¼ 14%, the ESR signal consists of unresolved six lines characterized by the hyperfine structure due to the presence of isolated Mn 2+ [7,9,28] with nuclear spin I ¼ 5/2, surrounded by Fe 3+ as a dilute material without hyperfine splitting. These unresolved six lines are nearly uniformly spaced, spread over a region of approximately 125 mT and they do not seem to be of equal intensity.…”