Structural evolution of functionalized graphene sheets during solvothermal reduction

Cu2O nanorods modified by reduced graphene oxide for NH3 sensing at room temperature

“…The absorption bands at 1630 cm À1 are attributed to the skeletal vibration of C]C from graphitic domains, suggesting that the rich functional groups exist in the GO. 26 In the case of rGO, C]C and O-H bands can be seen in the FT-IR spectrum, and the bands of C]O and C-O cannot be clearly observed. Furthermore, compared with GO, a signicant decrease in the intensities of the O-H peak in rGO is clearly observed, suggesting that GO is reduced in the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process.…”

Ultrahigh permeance of a chemical cross-linked graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane enhanced by cation–π interaction

“…The FTIR spectrum of the pristine GO suggested the presence typical vibrations, such as, the hydroxyl C-OH (stretching at 3594 cm À1 ), carbonyl C]O (stretching at 1730 cm À1 ), carboxyl -OH (bending at 1418 cm À1 ), aromatic (stretching vibrations at 1622 cm À1 ) and epoxy C-O (stretching at 1020-1227 cm À1 ). [18][19][20][21] For GO HDA-0.25Mg 2+ and GO HDA, the peaks of hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxyl decreased dramatically aer cross-linking with HDA, and a new absorption peak was observed at 1550 cm À1 which represent the bending vibration of N-H. 9,10,22 The reduction of hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxyl groups and the new generation of amine conrmed that HDA likely reacts with these oxygen-containing groups to form C-N covalent bonds, during the condensation reaction of HDA with hydroxyl 23 and carboxyl 24 and the nucleophilic addition reaction of amine with epoxy. 24 In addition, compared with the GO HDA , the GO HDA-0.25Mg 2+ has more oxygen-containing groups and less amine groups, indicating a weaker reduction and lower degree of cross-linking due to Mg 2+ added in the reaction process.…”

Graphene in Photocatalysis: A Review

“…Due to the easy realization of ultrasonic exfoliation of graphite oxide to GO nanosheets, more attention has been paid to the key reduction step of GO nanosheets in the two‐step process. So far, various reduction methods such as chemical, electrochemical, solvothermal, thermal, irradiation or photocatalytic reduction, have been developed to restore the electrical conductivity of GO nanosheets. Among them, the chemical reduction of GO nanosheets is one of the most promising procedures to produce pure single‐layer graphene in large volume .…”

“…Furthermore, temperatures higher than 500 °C in thermal reduction are not suitable for the applications of graphene in fabricating electronic devices. In addition, other green reduction methods such as hydro/solvothermal dehydration, photocatalytic reduction, photothermal deoxygenation and electrochemical reduction without the use of reducing agents have also been extensively applied in reducing GO nanosheets. Apart from the above reduction strategies, in order to maximally restore the π‐conjugated structure and remove small amounts of impurities, a combined reduction process of chemical conversion by NaBH 4 and H 2 SO 4 treatment and thermal annealing has also been proposed .…”