Structural insights and shedding light on preferential interactions of dietary flavonoids with G-quadruplex DNA structures: A new horizon

Uncovering the Contrasting Binding Behavior of Plant Flavonoids Fisetin and Morin Having Subsidiary Hydroxyl Groups (−OH) with HRAS1 and HRAS2 i-Motif DNA Structures: Decoding the Structural Alterations and Positional Influences

“…Flavonoid molecules have a basic diphenyl propane skeleton (also known as C 6 –C 3 –C 6 ), which consists of two benzene rings (A- and B-rings) joined by a heterocyclic pyran or pyrone ring (C-ring) in the center (Figure a). Fisetin (3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a bioactive plant flavonol has received attention for its multimodal therapeutic activity in cell culture and animal models associated with human illnesses. − Fisetin possesses a unique spectroscopic property of extraordinarily sensitive inherent ‘two color’ fluorescence, which occurs as a result of a photoinduced excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process . On the other hand, morin (3,5,7,2′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone), a biflavonoid has showed pharmacological activities by altering numerous cellular signaling pathways.…”

“…14,15 They are known to have a variety of health-beneficial properties with high potency and minimal systemic toxicity. 3 (Figure 1a). Fisetin (3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a bioactive plant flavonol has received attention for its multimodal therapeutic activity in cell culture and animal models associated with human illnesses.…”

“…Numerous forms of noncoding DNA sequences have essential biological activities, such as replication and regulation of protein-coding regions through transcription and translation . Additionally, noncoding sequences such as IM DNA are likely to have roles that have not yet been established . Unfortunately, our understanding of IM DNA biology remains restricted, owing in part to a paucity of adequate small-molecule probes to investigate the biological significance of these structures.…”

“…To date, small molecules such as mitoxantrone, berberine, TMPyP4, and IMC-48 have been reported as potential i-motif ligands. Flavonoids are polyphenolic natural compounds that are present in a variety of fruits, grains, nuts, wine, tea, vegetables, and other foods. , They are known to have a variety of health-beneficial properties with high potency and minimal systemic toxicity . Flavonoid molecules have a basic diphenyl propane skeleton (also known as C 6 –C 3 –C 6 ), which consists of two benzene rings (A- and B-rings) joined by a heterocyclic pyran or pyrone ring (C-ring) in the center (Figure a).…”

Binding of Quercetin Derivatives toward G-Tetrads as Studied by the Survival Yield Method

“…Recently, there is growing interest to design molecules that are able to interact with G-quadruplexes, which may be of importance toward cancer therapy , and antiviral therapy or to design G-quadruplex probes . It gives motivation to develop computational and physicochemical methods for searching for effective G-quadruplex ligands. − The ligands can be both synthetic or of natural origin. , Among the latter ligands, quercetin has attracted notable attention . Quercetin binding to G-quadruplexes has been studied by spectroscopic methods (e.g., NMR, circular dichroism), calorimetric titration, molecular docking, and density functional theory. − On the other hand, quercetin conjugates binding to G-quadruplexes has not been widely studied.…”