Structural, optical and electrochemical properties of sol–gel derived TiO films: Annealing effects

Thermal treatment effect on nanostructured TiO2 films deposited using diethanolamine stabilized precursor sol

“…Best electrochromic response is examined in the 300 • C annealed film, which also displays the second highest ion storage capacity of 6.4 mC cm −2 , thereby establishing a direct relation between electrochromic activity and the extent of Li ion insertion. We have observed a similar result in an earlier work [36] wherein we have reported the film characterized by the highest ion storage capacity to exhibit the maximum transmission modulation of ∼50% at 550 nm. The observed highest transmission modulation of 42% at 550 nm between the bleached and the colored states for the 300 • C annealed film in the present work is assignable to its conducive microstructure, i.e.…”

Influence of aging and composition of the precursor sol on the properties of CeO2–TiO2 thin films for electrochromic applications

“…Makishima and coworkers have shown an improved transparency in the films deposited from relatively aged precursor sols. Using the same precursor materials (cerium chloride heptahydrate and titanium propoxide) a decreased CeO 2 crystallite size with the increased content of TiO 2 in the films has been observed in our earlier work [12]. Granqvist and coworkers [13] have concluded the films prepared by sputtering technique with the Ce/Ti atom ratio varying in the range of 0.3 and 0.6 to be characterized by nearly zero coloration efficiency.…”

“…Granqvist and coworkers [13] have concluded the films prepared by sputtering technique with the Ce/Ti atom ratio varying in the range of 0.3 and 0.6 to be characterized by nearly zero coloration efficiency. Mixed CeO 2 -TiO 2 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] films allow better Li ion intercalation kinetics than in pure CeO 2 films.…”

Sol-gel processed nanostructured CeO2–TiO2 thin films for electrochromic applications

“…[1,2]. Several techniques such as sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, e-beam and vacuum evaporation have been utilized in the synthesis of such materials [3]. The major advantages of the sol-gel process over conventional vacuum techniques for development of multicomponent oxide films have been summarized earlier [4].…”