Structural Order in Liquids Induced by Interfaces With Crystals

Kaplan, Wayne D.; Kauffmann, Yaron

doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.36.020105.104035

Cited by 152 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Metals form a wide variety of interfaces, including grain and phase boundaries [1], surface-liquid interfaces [2,3], solidification fronts [4], and mechanical contacts [5]. Although they typically occupy a small fraction of the total volume, interfaces play an outsized role in determining the properties of metals [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Interfaces In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Interfaces in Metals Using Neutron Reflectometry

Demkowicz

Majewski

2016

Metals

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Solid-state interfaces play a major role in a variety of material properties. They are especially important in determining the behavior of nano-structured materials, such as metallic multilayers. However, interface structure and properties remain poorly understood, in part because the experimental toolbox for characterizing them is limited. Neutron reflectometry (NR) offers unique opportunities for studying interfaces in metals due to the high penetration depth of neutrons and the non-monotonic dependence of their scattering cross-sections on atomic numbers. We review the basic physics of NR and outline the advantages that this method offers for investigating interface behavior in metals, especially under extreme environments. We then present several example NR studies to illustrate these advantages and discuss avenues for expanding the use of NR within the metals community.

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Section: Interfaces In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low energy neutrons are typically detected indirectly through absorption reactions with materials of high cross-sections for such reactions. Typically, 3 He, 6 Li, or 10 B is used to emit high-energy particles, whose ionization signatures may be detected by a number of means.…”

Section: Interfaces In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Interfaces in Metals Using Neutron Reflectometry

Demkowicz

Majewski

2016

Metals

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“…The feed throughs are using a teflon plug to seal in the pressure. Additionally, there are four multi connectors of which one is reserved for a safety valve, marked (2), which opens at 50 bar. The others, marked (3), can be used for gas lines and a pressure gauge.…”

Section: The Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'buried' interfaces between two bulk systems, as described above, are often causing interesting phenomena. Examples are enhanced liquid density [1], liquid order [2] or liquid layering [1,3,4]. These phenomena are important factors with respect to the mass transport towards the growing interface and therefore growth speed and crystalline quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sample chamber for in situ high-energy X-ray studies of crystal growth at deeply buried interfaces in harsh environments

Jong

Vonk

Honkimäki

et al. 2015

Journal of Crystal Growth

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We introduce a high pressure high temperature chamber for in situ synchrotron x-ray studies. The chamber design allows for in situ studies of thin film growth from solution at deeply buried interfaces in harsh environments. The temperature can be controlled between room temperature and 1073K while the pressure can be set as high as 50 bar using a variety of gases including N 2 and NH 3 . The formation of GaN on the surface of a Ga 13 Na 7 melt at 1073K and 50 bar of N 2 is presented as a performance test.

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“…An in situ study of an alumina-aluminum interface using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope provides experimental evidence of ordering of the liquid molecules at a Kaplan and Kauffmann [63] reviewed both theoretical and experimental studies of liquid molecule ordering adjacent to crystalline solids. Gerardi et al [64] observed layering of water (forming a ~1.4 nm thick layer) on alumina particles using NMR, but they did not measure an anomalous conductivity enhancement.…”

Section: 1 1 T H E R M a L C O N D U C T I V I T Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Fluids

Lenert

Nam

Wang

2012

Annual Rev Heat Transfer

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The choice of heat transfer fluids has significant effects on the performance, cost and reliability of solar thermal systems. In this chapter, we evaluate existing heat transfer fluids such as oils and molten salts based on a new figure of merit capturing the combined effects of thermal storage capacity, convective heat transfer characteristics and hydraulic performance of the fluids.Thermal stability, freezing point and safety issues are also discussed. Through a comparative analysis, we examine alternative options for solar thermal heat transfer fluids including watersteam mixtures (direct steam), ionic liquids/melts and suspensions of nanoparticles (nanofluids), focusing on the benefits and technical challenges. DOI: 10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.2012004122 SOURCE: Lenert, Andrej, Youngsuk Nam, and Evelyn N. Wang. "Heat Transfer Fluids." Annual Review of Heat Transfer 15, 2012. 2 DOI: 10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.2012004122 SOURCE: Lenert, Andrej, Youngsuk Nam, and Evelyn N. Wang. "Heat Transfer Fluids." Annual Review of Heat Transfer 15, 2012. 3 V averaged bulk velocity (ms -1 )

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Structural Order in Liquids Induced by Interfaces With Crystals

Cited by 152 publications

References 137 publications

Probing Interfaces in Metals Using Neutron Reflectometry

Probing Interfaces in Metals Using Neutron Reflectometry

A sample chamber for in situ high-energy X-ray studies of crystal growth at deeply buried interfaces in harsh environments

Heat Transfer Fluids

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