Structural PCA-MLR model of the innovation environment in BRICS countries

Abstract

The process of globalization forces market changes in the form of intense competition. Economies can survive by getting competitive advantage in the global market through developing innovation. The main target of this empirical research is to discover the most important innovation components that constitute structure of the global innovation index (GII) and judge their influence in emerging BRICS economies. Innovation process is discussed on the grounds of GII ranking scores accumulated from 2011 to 2021. The research outcome of the Principal Component Analysis adopted nine components that represent seven dimensions. Extracted components are further used in the regression analysis to establish a multiple linear regression (MLR) equation for predicting the GII score used in the overall ranking. Derived regression solution introduced valuable MLR results with high coefficient of determination where 98.2% of the GII values are explained by the extracted components. The dominant effects on GII are attained in innovation components that include general infrastructure and knowledge workers. Moreover, comparison analysis of the actual and computed GII scores illustrated 99.1% overlap between the two values. Evaluated results of the PCA-MLR analysis serve to investigate the success in developing innovation performances in emerging economies by comparing innovation index accomplished by BRICS.

Analysis of innovation in EU countries

“…Although there are studies that have considered the influence and significance of GII, they have not specifically focused on European Union countries. Petkovski (2023) attempted to construct a structural model of the innovative environment based on GII. Similarly, in a study by Ćosić et al (2023), GII was analyzed in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.…”

“…(European Commission, 2014) Innovation is a pivotal factor influencing economic growth, competitiveness, and societal sustainability in the contemporary world (Schumpeter, 1934;Porter, 1990). The process of globalization necessitates that national innovation systems continually adapt to the demands of the global market (Petkovski, 2023). Contemporary literature has already identified a positive coherence between globalization's economic, political, and social effects and technological innovation performance (Feng et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2019).…”