Structural setting and kinematics of Nubian fault system, SE Western Desert, Egypt: An example of multi-reactivated intraplate strike-slip faults

Sakran, Shawky; Said, Said

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2017.12.006

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sett Tellaal in the southern Kharga Valley and documented Riedel geometries consistent with left-lateral strike slip along NNE-SSW striking faults produced by basement fault reactivation during the late Eocene. Sakran and Said (2018) also provide evidence for post-early Eocene left-lateral strike slip on a major N-S fault cutting Eocene limestones in the southern part of the Sinn El-Kaddab east of El Sett Tellaal.…”

Section: Investigated Faults In Elmentioning

confidence: 70%

Inferring Hypogene Karst at Depth from the Patterns of Non-Tectonic Syncline Networks in Eocene Limestones, Western Desert, Egypt

et al. 2021

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Indirect indicators are critically important for recognizing hypogene karst that is too deep-seated to have explorable hypogene caves. We have suggested in previous publications that an extensive network of non-tectonic synclines in otherwise flat-lying Eocene limestone in Egypt might be such an indirect indicator. We proposed that synclines formed by sag of limestone layers overlying a zone of hypogene karst that today remains deep below the surface and suggested that hypogene speleogenesis resulted from ascending aggressive fluids associated with crustal extension and magmatism in Egypt during Red Sea Rift initiation. Without hypogene caves to explore, however, we were unable to provide compelling evidence for hypogene karst processes. By doubling our mapping area from 4,000 to 8,000 km2, a clear picture has emerged of patterns in the syncline network that provide compelling evidence for hypogene speleogenesis. Over this larger area, the network displays two distinct patterns: 1) synclines and ridges that outline polygons 700–2,000 m across, and 2) narrow N–S zones of synclines spaced 5–10 km apart, with WNW–ESE to NW–SE trending shallow synclines and ridges traversing the panels between N–S zones. The geometries suggest that the syncline network is controlled by two structural patterns in rocks underlying the limestones: 1) polygonal faults in underlying shales and 2) reactivated N–S, left-lateral basement faults that are largely blind at the current level of erosion. These structures served as conduits that conveyed fluids upward into the overlying Eocene limestones, triggering dissolution at depth and a pattern of sag above that was inherited from the nature and pattern of faults and fractures in rocks underlying the limestones. The unique patterns and characteristics of this network of synclines are applicable elsewhere as an indirect indicator of deep-seated hypogene karst. Our new data also strongly suggest that syncline formation spanned the time of crustal extension in Egypt associated with onset of Red Sea rifting ∼23–22 Ma. Endogenic CO2 associated with mantle-derived basaltic magmas was likely a significant component of fluids, perhaps involving highly aggressive supercritical CO2. Mantle-derived C and He in modern Egyptian oasis water suggest that hypogene speleogenesis may still be locally active.

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Section: Investigated Faults In Elmentioning

confidence: 70%

Inferring Hypogene Karst at Depth from the Patterns of Non-Tectonic Syncline Networks in Eocene Limestones, Western Desert, Egypt

et al. 2021

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“…The plateau was affected by the opening of the Red Sea during the Oligo-Miocene time, thus the Nile Valley canyon has been carved in its western fringes [44]. The tectonic frameworks of the study area include two main groups of the lineament and fault systems: the NW-SE (Gulf of Suez rift) and the NE-SW (Syrian Arc system) [45,46]. The Nile Valley canyon was inundated by the Pliocene Gulf following the sea level rise in the Mediterranean.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Flash Floods and Induced Recharge into Alluvial Aquifers Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Imaging

et al. 2020

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Flash flood hazard assessments, mitigation measures, and water harvesting efforts in desert environments are often challenged by data scarcity on the basin scale. The present study, using the Wadi Atfeh catchment as a test site, integrates remote sensing datasets with field and geoelectrical measurements to assess flash flood hazards, suggest mitigation measures, and to examine the recharge to the alluvium aquifer. The estimated peak discharge of the 13 March 2020 flood event was 97 m3/h, which exceeded the capacity of the culverts beneath the Eastern Military Highway (64 m3/h), and a new dam was suggested, where 75% of the catchment could be controlled. The monitoring of water infiltration into the alluvium aquifer using time-lapse electrical resistivity measurements along a fixed profile showed a limited connection between the wetted surficial sediments and the water table. Throughflow is probably the main source of recharge to the aquifer rather than vertical infiltration at the basin outlet. The findings suggest further measures to avoid the negative impacts of flash floods at the Wadi Atfeh catchment and similar basins in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Furthermore, future hydrological studies in desert environments should take into consideration the major role of the throughflow in alluvium aquifer recharge.

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“…Otherwise, Transpression is used to define oblique convergent where the shortening direction is at an oblique angle to the deformation zone (Armitage, Watts, Holdsworth, & Strachan, 2020; Dooley & Schreurs, 2012; Ellero et al, 2015 ; Tavarnelli et al, 2004; Tikoff & Peterson, 1998). A combination of pure and simple shear components have resulted from transpression (Fossen & Tikoff, 1993; Sanderson & Marchini, 1984) and related structures (Cunningham et al, 1996a; Cunningham., et al, 1996b; Mohajjel & Fergusson, 2000; Sakran & Said, 2018; Waldron, Roselli, & Johnston, 2007). Folding is very common in the transpression tectonic setting, for example, Zagros fold belt (Mohajjel & Fergusson, 2000), and Mongolia‐Gobi Altai fold belt (Cunningham et al, 1996a, 1996b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry and kinematics of right‐lateral transpressional faults and growth folds, the western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Said

Sakran

2021

Geological Journal

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Elaborated geological mapping and structural analysis of the Gulf of Suez's western side revealed two superimposed tectonic regimes; Late Cretaceous‐Early Eocene dextral transpression along ENE‐oriented deep‐seated faults and NE Oligo‐Miocene extension. Pre‐rift structures are represented by four ENE‐oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip deformation zones (DZ). Each DZ is defined by the ENE‐oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip faults, NE to ENE growth folds, and NW‐oriented normal faults. The orthogonal relation between the growth folds and NW‐oriented faults indicates their association to a strike‐slip tectonic regime. The tight overturned folds and the small angles between the growth fold axis and the principal deformation zone implies transpression rather than simple shearing. A transpressional tectonic regime with NW‐SE maximum principal stress (σ1) and NE‐SW minimum principal stress (σ3) were dominantly active during Late Cretaceous‐Early Eocene. The occurrence of three angular unconformities at different stratigraphic levels within the Upper Cretaceous‐Lower Eocene sedimentary sequences infer the deformation age. ENE anticlines have grown above the propagating deep‐seated transpressional faults, associated with continuous exhumation along their hinge zones and syntectonic deposition in the sub‐basins beyond their steep limbs.

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Structural setting and kinematics of Nubian fault system, SE Western Desert, Egypt: An example of multi-reactivated intraplate strike-slip faults

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Inferring Hypogene Karst at Depth from the Patterns of Non-Tectonic Syncline Networks in Eocene Limestones, Western Desert, Egypt

Inferring Hypogene Karst at Depth from the Patterns of Non-Tectonic Syncline Networks in Eocene Limestones, Western Desert, Egypt

Modeling Flash Floods and Induced Recharge into Alluvial Aquifers Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Imaging

Geometry and kinematics of right‐lateral transpressional faults and growth folds, the western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

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