“…There have been a variety of studies on the fluctuations of aggregate trade union membership based on multiple regression analyses of time-series data, notably in Britain (Bain and Price, 1980;Bain and Elsheikh, 1976;Carruth and Disney, 1988;Disney, 1988;Freeman and Pelletier, 1990), Germany (Carruth and Schnabel, 1990;Schnabel, 1987Schnabel, , 1990, and the USA (Adams and Krislov, 1974;Anderson et al, 1980;Ashenfelter and Pencavel, 1969;Elsheikh and Bain, 1978;Fiorito, 1982;Mancke, 1971;Moore, 1978;Moore and Pearce, 1976;Pencavel, 1971;Roomkin and Juris, 1978;Sheflin et al, 1981). These studies share a broad explanatory framework, interpreting fluctuations in aggregate trade union membership levels as being predominantly due to environmental factors.…”