Structural Transition in the NGC 6251 Jet: An Interplay With the Supermassive Black Hole and Its Host Galaxy

Tseng, Ching-Yu; Asada, Keiichi; Nakamura, Masanori; Pu, Hung-Yi; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Lo, Wen Ping

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/288

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Another important result is that both side of the jet structure changes from a cylindrical (a ∼ 0) to a conical (a ∼ 1) structure at ∼ 10 4 R S in NGC 1052. Consequently, we found a structural transition in the NGC 1052 jets, as well as those seen in M87 (Asada & Nakamura 2012), NGC 6251 (Tseng et al 2016) and NGC 4261 (Nakahara et al 2018) of nearby radio galaxies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…For jet width measurements, we adopted the method similar to those used in the previous studies for NGC 6251 (Tseng et al 2016) and NGC 4261 (Nakahara et al 2018), as described below. The NGC 1052 jet was assumed to extend at the position angle P A = 68 • (Section 2.5).…”

Section: Jet Width Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pixel sampling rate on both z a and r a directions was equivalent to approximately fifth of the restoring beam with widths of θ re min and θ re maj , respectively. We adopted this sampling rate by follow- ing previous studies (Tseng et al 2016;Boccardi et al 2016, see also a study of angular resolution limit by Lobanov 2005). The transverse jet profile of each slice were fitted with a Gaussian model to obtain the deconvolved angular size of jet width…”

Section: Jet Width Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 10⁷ Schwarzschild Radii

Nakahara

Doi

Murata

et al. 2019

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We investigated the jet width profile with distance along the jet in the nearby radio galaxy NGC 1052 at radial distances between ∼ 300 to 4 × 10 7 Schwarzschild Radii(R S ) from the central engine on both their approaching and receding jet sides. The width of jets was measured in images obtained with the VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP), the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), and the Very Large Array (VLA). The jet-width profile of receding jets are apparently consistent with that of approaching jets throughout the measuring distance ranges, indicating symmetry at least up to the sphere of gravitational influence of the central black hole. The power-law index a of the jet-width profile (w jet ∝ r a , where w jet is the jet width, r is the distance from the central engine in the unit of R S ) apparently shows a transition from a ∼ 0 to a ∼ 1, i.e., the cylindrical-to-conical jet structures, at a distance of ∼ 1 × 10 4 R S . The cylindrical jet shape at the small distances is reminiscent of the innermost jets in 3C 84. Both the central engines of NGC 1052 and 3C 84 are surrounded by dense material, part of which is ionized and causes heavy free-free absorption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Jet Width Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jet Width Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 10⁷ Schwarzschild Radii

Nakahara

Doi

Murata

et al. 2019

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“…This parabolic profile persists up to the peculiar stationary knot HST-1 near the Bondi accretion radius of ∼10 5 Schwarzschild radii (R s ), then appears to transition to a conical profile without collimation beyond that point. A very similar transitional profile has recently been obtained in the radio galaxy NGC 6251 [6], and parabolic collimation inside the Bondi accretion radius has also been confirmed in the nearby radio galaxies 3C 84 [7] and Cyg A [8]. On the other hand, little is known for high-powered AGNs, which are driven by accretion flows with much higher accretion rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The Global Jet Structure of the Archetypical Quasar 3C 273

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A key question in the formation of the relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is the collimation process of their energetic plasma flow launched from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Recent observations of nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies exhibit a clear picture of parabolic collimation inside the Bondi accretion radius. On the other hand, little is known of the observational properties of jet collimation in more luminous quasars, where the accretion flow may be significantly different due to much higher accretion rates. In this paper, we present preliminary results of multi-frequency observations of the archetypal quasar 3C 273 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 1.4, 15, and 43 GHz, and Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) at 1.6 GHz. The observations provide a detailed view of the transverse structure resolved on a broad range of spatial scales from sub-parsec to kilo parsecs, allowing us to profile the jet width as a function of the distance from the core for the first time in jets of bright quasars. We discovered a transition from a parabolic stream to a conical stream, which has been seen in much lower-luminosity radio galaxies. The similarity in the profile to the much lower-powered radio galaxy M87 suggests the universality of jet collimation among AGNs with different accretion rates.

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“…The jet exhibits the conical geometry with θ j 0.5 • (const) at the kpc scale (z/r g 3 × 10 6 ), while θ j 0.1 • is obtained at around HST-1. We can refer to another sample of the AGN jet structural transition at r SOI in NGC 6251 (Tseng et al 2016, see also Section 5.1).…”

Section: Jet Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

Nakamura

Asada

Hada

et al. 2018

ApJ

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The M87 jet is extensively examined by utilizing general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations as well as the steady axisymmetric force-free electrodynamic (FFE) solution. Quasi-steady funnel jets are obtained in GRMHD simulations up to the scale of ∼ 100 gravitational radius (r g ) for various black hole (BH) spins. As is known, the funnel edge is approximately determined by the following equipartitions; i) the magnetic and rest-mass energy densities and ii) the gas and magnetic pressures. Our numerical results give an additional factor that they follow the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE solution, which is anchored to the event horizon on the equatorial plane. We also identify the matter dominated, non-relativistic corona/wind play a dynamical role in shaping the funnel jet into the parabolic geometry. We confirm a quantitative overlap between the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE jet and the edge of jet sheath in VLBI observations at ∼ 10 1 -10 5 r g , suggesting that the M87 jet is likely powered by the spinning BH. Our GRMHD simulations also indicate a lateral stratification of the bulk acceleration (i.e., the spine-sheath structure) as well as an emergence of knotty superluminal features. The spin characterizes the location of the jet stagnation surface inside the funnel. We suggest that the limb-brightened feature could be associated with the nature of the BH-driven jet, if the Doppler beaming is a dominant factor. Our findings can be examined with (sub-)mm VLBI observations, giving a clue for the origin of the M87 jet.

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Structural Transition in the NGC 6251 Jet: An Interplay With the Supermassive Black Hole and Its Host Galaxy

Cited by 44 publications

References 52 publications

The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 10⁷ Schwarzschild Radii

The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 10⁷ Schwarzschild Radii

The Global Jet Structure of the Archetypical Quasar 3C 273

Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

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Structural Transition in the NGC 6251 Jet: An Interplay With the Supermassive Black Hole and Its Host Galaxy

Cited by 44 publications

References 52 publications

The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 107 Schwarzschild Radii

The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 107 Schwarzschild Radii

The Global Jet Structure of the Archetypical Quasar 3C 273

Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

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Product

Resources

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The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 10⁷ Schwarzschild Radii

The Two-sided Jet Structures of NGC 1052 at Scales from 300 to 4 × 10⁷ Schwarzschild Radii