Structure and activity of spontaneous fungal communities in organic substrates used for soilless crops

Montagne, Virginie; Charpentier, Sylvain; Cannavo, Patrice; Capiaux, Hervé; Grosbellet, C.; Lebeau, Thierry

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.06.011

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Competition for nutrients and/or space and antibiosis phenomena occur among microorganisms (Benítez et al, 2004), but our understanding of these mechanisms still remains to be further examined. In this context, we previously compared the biochemical composition of different organic substrates, the related microbial activities, and the microbial community structures (Montagne et al, 2015). Our results confirmed that specific microbial activities and microbial population structures are related to material type (wood fiber, coir fiber, peat) and therefore to specific organic compositions.…”

Section: Substratesupporting

confidence: 72%

“…− the structure of rhizospheric fungal communities was determined: Rhizospheric substrate was kept at −20 • C and then analyzed by PCR-TTGE (Polymerase Chain Reaction−Temporal Temperature Gel Electrophoresis; Jaffrès et al, 2009;Montagne et al, 2015). Briefly, microbial DNA extracted from the substrate was amplified according to Joly's protocol (Joly et al, 2012).…”

Section: Microbial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effect of organic substrates against soil-borne pathogens in soilless cucumber crops

Montagne

Capiaux

Cannavo

et al. 2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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Protective effect of organic substrates against soil-borne pathogens in soilless cucumber crops. Scientia Horticulturae, Elsevier, 2016, 206, pp.62-70. 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.04.035. hal-01523673 Scientia Horticulturae 206 (2016 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Scientia Horticulturae j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i h o r t i a b s t r a c tThe development of sustainable crop protection is expected by vegetable producers and highly encouraged by authorities. For crops grown in soilless systems, vegetable fibers are relevant for both agronomical and plant protection purposes. This work examines their potential against the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Wood fiber, coir fiber and peat were tested over two cucumber cropping periods. Fusarium blight symptoms were monitored on cucumber, and fungal community structure (PCR-TTGE) in substrates. Substrate sterilization and bio-augmentation with antagonistic strains were also studied; they did not modify protection. Compared to the other substrates, wood fiber increased protection at the end of the first assay, but did not during the second assay. Differences in crop season and plant density may have impacted on cucumber physiology and may have indirectly modified rhizosphere fungal community structure.The sole determination of microbial activity in substrates is not sufficient to predict protection. Growth conditions, substrate type and the microbiome altogether impacted on the protection of cucumber.

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Section: Substratesupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Microbial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of organic substrates against soil-borne pathogens in soilless cucumber crops

Montagne

Capiaux

Cannavo

et al. 2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…Microbial functions of GM types received little attention in the past [2] and mainly concerned weed and pathogen controls [16,17], biological stability, nutrient immobilization [2,8], nitrification stimulated by urea or ammonium-based fertilization [11], and more recently, regarding nutrient availability [18] and the potential mitigation of greenhouse gas emission by adding biochars [19]. The instability of GM related to carbon (C) cycle was studied through the loss of organic matter [20], dioxygen and carbon dioxide evolution [21][22][23][24][25], or dehydrogenase activity [26] as indicators of global microbial activity. Concerning the nutrient availability of GM, attention was given to N immobilization [27,28] and to a lesser extent phosphorus (P) [29] due to microbial consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Medium Type Affects Organic Fertilizer Mineralization and CNPS Microbial Enzyme Activities

Paillat¹,

Cannavo²,

Barraud³

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Managing plant fertilization is a major concern of greenhouse growers to achieve sustainable production with growing media (GM). Organic fertilization is popular but is more difficult to control, since organic compounds need first to be mineralized by microbes. After 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of incubation, we investigated the response of microbial activities and nutrient releases from three frequently used organic fertilizers (horn and two plant-based fertilizers) in three frequently employed GM types (peat, coir, and bark). We measured pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient contents (NH4+-N, NO3−-N, PO43−-P, SO42−-S), and enzyme activities (β-1.4-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase). After fertilization, microbes in coir expressed all the C, N, P, and S functions studied, making related nutrients available. In peat and bark, some C, N, P, and S-related pathways were locked. Peat presented high NH4+-N and PO43−-P releases linked to high acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase activities, while bark showed high nitrification rates but weak enzyme activities. Fertilizer types modulated these responses with lower activities and nutrient releases with horn. Our results contributed to better understanding mineralization processes in GM, showing different microbial responses to fertilization. This study pointed out the necessity to look deeper into microbial functions in GM optimizing biological and physicochemical properties.

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“…However, heterotrophic microorganisms involved in the system can also be positive (Whipps 2001;Mukerji 2006). Several studies using organic fertilizers or organic soilless media, in hydroponics, have shown interesting effects where the resident microbiota were able to control plant diseases (Montagne et al 2015). All organic substrates have their own physico-chemical properties.…”

Section: The Role Of Organic Matter In Biocontrol Activity In Aquaponmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the characteristics of the media will influence microbial richness and functions. The choice of a specific plant media could therefore influence the microbial development so as to have a suppressive effect on pathogens (Montagne et al 2015;Grunert et al 2016;Montagne et al 2017). Another possibility of pathogen suppression related to organic carbon is the use of organic amendments in hydroponics (Maher et al 2008;Vallance et al 2010).…”

Section: The Role Of Organic Matter In Biocontrol Activity In Aquaponmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics

Stouvenakers

Dapprich

Massart

et al. 2019

Aquaponics Food Production Systems

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Among the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.

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Structure and activity of spontaneous fungal communities in organic substrates used for soilless crops

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Protective effect of organic substrates against soil-borne pathogens in soilless cucumber crops

Protective effect of organic substrates against soil-borne pathogens in soilless cucumber crops

Growing Medium Type Affects Organic Fertilizer Mineralization and CNPS Microbial Enzyme Activities

Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics

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