Structure and development of an axial volcanic ridge: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 45°N

Searle, R. C.; Murton, Bramley J.; Achenbach, K. L.; LeBas, T.; Tivey, Maurice A.; Yeo, Isobel; Cormier, Marie-Hélène; Carlut, Julie; Ferreira, P.; Mallows, C.; Morris, Kirsty J.; Schroth, N.; Calsteren, Peter van; Waters, Christopher L.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.003

Cited by 60 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This variability in lateral extent, chemistry, and depth as well as local variations in magma supply and tectonic stress fields appear to affect the style of eruption. Fissure-fed, high-effusion-rate morphologies are more common at fast-spreading MORs (e.g., Sinton et al, 2002;Fornari et al, 2004;Soule et al, 2005Soule et al, , 2007, highrelief constructional pillowed eruptions from point-source vents are typical at slow-spreading MORs (e.g., Smith and Cann, 1992;Searle et al, 2010), and both types occur at intermediate-spreading…”

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress marked by a 5-15 km wide rift valley in which volcanism occurs on elongate volcanic ridges (Searle et al, 2010). At MORs, tectonic processes modify the zone of active volcanism, making it difficult to construct large volcanic edifices.…”

Section: An Abundance Of Submarine Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

110

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Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style.

show abstract

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Abundance Of Submarine Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Terrains with high backscattering signals covered 42.5 % of the study area and can be classified into two types. One type was characterized by facies with volcanic features typically associated with the neo-volcanic zones of mid-ocean ridges, such as hummocky and sheet lava patterns (Smith et al 1995;Briais et al 2000;Sauter et al 2002;Cann and Smith 2005;Searle et al 2010). This type of terrain was found in the west of the observed area, on the gentle westfacing slope near the top of the Yokoniwa Rise (Fig.…”

Section: Observed Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report of Side-Scan Sonar Observations Around the Yokoniwa NTO Massif

Asada

Okino

Koyama

et al. 2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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We conducted the side-scan sonar observations of the Yokoniwa Rise, a non-transform offset massif at the southern Central Indian Ridge using the autonomous underwater vehicle AUV-r2D4 fitted with a 100 kHz sidescan sonar system. We identified two terrain types with high backscattering signals; one terrain type exhibited typical volcanic features, while the other appeared to correspond to peridotite outcrops. The orientation of linear features identified in the survey area was highly variable, but appeared to be affected by local bathymetry. The standard deviations of the orientation and average length of these linear features were larger and smaller, respectively, than those of similar features observed along the East Pacific Rise. These observations showed that the linear features on the sonar image were likely to be flow channels or areas of the seafloor that had experienced gravitational collapse. A few small chimney-like structures were also detected.

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“…The basaltic glass was a composite sample of glass that had spalled off the rims of pillow basalt samples, collected by the Isis remotely operated vehicle (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK) during cruise JC24 [58].…”

Section: (C) Marine Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the lithosphere, kinetics and the prospects for life elsewhere

Cockell

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The global contiguity of life on the Earth today is a result of the high flux of carbon and oxygen from oxygenic photosynthesis over the planetary surface and its use in aerobic respiration. Life's ability to directly use redox couples from components of the planetary lithosphere in a pre-oxygenic photosynthetic world can be investigated by studying the distribution of organisms that use energy sources normally bound within rocks, such as iron. Microbiological data from Iceland and the deep oceans show the kinetic limitations of living directly off igneous rocks in the lithosphere. Using energy directly extracted from rocks the lithosphere will support about six orders of magnitude less productivity than the present-day Earth, and it would be highly localized. Paradoxically, the biologically extreme conditions of the interior of a planet and the inimical conditions of outer space, between which life is trapped, are the locations from which volcanism and impact events, respectively, originate. These processes facilitate the release of redox couples from the planetary lithosphere and might enable it to achieve planetary-scale productivity approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower than that produced by oxygenic photosynthesis. The significance of the detection of extra-terrestrial life is that it will allow us to test these observations elsewhere and establish an understanding of universal relationships between lithospheres and life. These data also show that the search for extra-terrestrial life must be accomplished by 'following the kinetics', which is different from following the water or energy.

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Structure and development of an axial volcanic ridge: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 45°N

Cited by 60 publications

References 67 publications

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Brief Report of Side-Scan Sonar Observations Around the Yokoniwa NTO Massif

Life in the lithosphere, kinetics and the prospects for life elsewhere

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