Structure and expression of an unusually acidic matrix protein of pearl oyster shells

Tsukamoto, Daiki; Sarashina, Isao; Endo, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.072

Cited by 192 publications

(182 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the amino acid composition of Prisilkin-39 is also comparable with that of crude matrix proteins from the prismatic layer of P. fucata (41). In contrast to many other shell matrix proteins singularly enriched in Asp and Glu residues (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the occurrence of these acidic amino acids in Prisilkin-39 is markedly low, with only one Asp residue. Thus, Prisilkin-39 belongs to the rare group of basic matrix proteins with a theoretical pI of 8.83.…”

Section: Characterization Of Deduced Amino Acid Sequence Ofmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Based on a comparative analysis of currently known molluscan shell proteins according to the different shell layers in which they are present, the interesting phenomenon of an unbalanced protein distribution pattern has been discovered. It mainly embodies the fact that all of the extremely acidic shell proteins (pI Ͻ 4.5) are preferentially associated with the calcitic prismatic layer rather than the aragonitic nacreous layer (4,5,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Acidic matrix proteins are believed to be the major components in the soluble fraction of the shell matrix, and they exert effective control over the crystal growth because of their cation-binding capacity (17)(18)(19)(20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidic matrix proteins are believed to be the major components in the soluble fraction of the shell matrix, and they exert effective control over the crystal growth because of their cation-binding capacity (17)(18)(19)(20). Previous reports have revealed that these highly acidic proteins can decide the calcium carbonate polymorphism in vitro (2,12,21,22). One striking example is Aspein (12,23), which acts as a crystal nucleator to induce calcite precipitation using the mechanism of ionotropy, and it is therefore crucial for the formation of the prismatic layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports have revealed that these highly acidic proteins can decide the calcium carbonate polymorphism in vitro (2,12,21,22). One striking example is Aspein (12,23), which acts as a crystal nucleator to induce calcite precipitation using the mechanism of ionotropy, and it is therefore crucial for the formation of the prismatic layer. In contrast, basic matrix proteins exclusively associated with the prismatic layer have been far less studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cloning and Characterization of Prisilkin-39, a Novel Matrix Protein Serving a Dual Role in the Prismatic Layer Formation from the Oyster Pinctada fucata

Kong

Yan

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

101

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Molluscs form their shells out of CaCO 3 and a matrix of biomacromolecules. Understanding the role of matrices may shed some light on the mechanism of biomineralization. Here, a 1401-bp full-length cDNA sequence encoding a novel matrix protein was cloned from the mantle of the bivalve oyster, Pinctada fucata. The deduced protein (Prisilkin-39), which has a molecular mass of 39.3 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.83, was fully characterized, and its role in biomineralization was demonstrated using both in vivo and in vitro crystal growth assays. Prisilkin-39 is a highly repetitive protein with an unusual composition of Gly, Tyr, and Ser residues. Expression of Prisilkin-39 was localized to columnar epithelial cells of the mantle edge, corresponding to the calcitic prismatic layer formation. Immunostaining in situ and immunodetection in vitro revealed the presence of a characteristic pattern of Prisilkin-39 in the organic sheet and in sheaths around the prisms. Prisilkin-39 binds tightly with chitin, an insoluble polysaccharide that forms the highly structured framework of the shell. Antibody injection in vivo resulted in dramatic morphological deformities in the inner shell surface structure, where large amounts of CaCO 3 were deposited in an uncontrolled manner. Moreover, Prisilkin-39 strictly prohibited the precipitation of aragonite in vitro. Taken together, Prisilkin-39 is the first protein shown to have dual function, involved both in the chitinous framework building and in crystal growth regulation during the prismatic layer mineralization. These observations may extend our view on the rare group of basic matrices and their functions during elaboration of the molluscan shell.

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Section: Characterization Of Deduced Amino Acid Sequence Ofmentioning

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloning and Characterization of Prisilkin-39, a Novel Matrix Protein Serving a Dual Role in the Prismatic Layer Formation from the Oyster Pinctada fucata

Kong

Yan

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

101

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“…A probable relationship between the chemical features of biomolecules and crystal growth control is supported by many observations showing that proteins isolated from sites of biomineralization in tissues are unusually enriched in highly acidic amino acids, notably aspartic acid and also glutamic acid (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The Asp-rich motifs have been postulated to function by preferentially binding to cations such as Ca 2ϩ (14) during the controlled formation of minerals such as calcite (12).…”

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confidence: 96%

Role of molecular charge and hydrophilicity in regulating the kinetics of crystal growth

Elhadj

Yoreo

Hoyer

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

248

323

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The composition of biologic molecules isolated from biominerals suggests that control of mineral growth is linked to biochemical features. Here, we define a systematic relationship between the ability of biomolecules in solution to promote the growth of calcite (CaCO 3) and their net negative molecular charge and hydrophilicity. The degree of enhancement depends on peptide composition, but not on peptide sequence. Data analysis shows that this rate enhancement arises from an increase in the kinetic coefficient. We interpret the mechanism of growth enhancement to be a catalytic process whereby biomolecules reduce the magnitude of the diffusive barrier, E k, by perturbations that displace water molecules. The result is a decrease in the energy barrier for attachment of solutes to the solid phase. This previously unrecognized relationship also rationalizes recently reported data showing acceleration of calcite growth rates over rates measured in the pure system by nanomolar levels of abalone nacre proteins. These findings show that the growth-modifying properties of small model peptides may be scaled up to analyze mineralization processes that are mediated by more complex proteins. We suggest that enhancement of calcite growth may now be estimated a priori from the composition of peptide sequences and the calculated values of hydrophilicity and net molecular charge. This insight may contribute to an improved understanding of diverse systems of biomineralization and design of new synthetic growth modulators.biomineral ͉ calcite ͉ proteins

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Biomineralization: Peptide‐Mediated Synthesis of Materials

Rutledge

Wright

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Biomineralization provides many examples of the ambient synthesis of materials. Often associated with these systems are peptide templates. Synthetically, these templates offer tunable entities that can be altered in ways that affect the resulting composition, size, and morphology of the desired material. The development of peptide‐display methods has aided in the expansion of this approach to include many types of abiological substances. Accordingly, this review focuses on the identification and use of peptides involved in the syntheses of a number of different types of materials (metal oxides, calcium carbonate, metallic nanostructures). Covering only the most recent of advances (2004–2007), we examine the control exhibited by peptides free in solution and the ability of researchers to address and alter that control. The effects demonstrated as a result of immobilizing the peptide on a nanostructured or biological surface are discussed. Finally, the future of biomimetic synthesis of nanomaterials is considered in an attempt to gauge where biomineralization is headed and what possibilities it might offer down the road.

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Structure and expression of an unusually acidic matrix protein of pearl oyster shells

Cited by 192 publications

References 40 publications

Cloning and Characterization of Prisilkin-39, a Novel Matrix Protein Serving a Dual Role in the Prismatic Layer Formation from the Oyster Pinctada fucata

Cloning and Characterization of Prisilkin-39, a Novel Matrix Protein Serving a Dual Role in the Prismatic Layer Formation from the Oyster Pinctada fucata

Role of molecular charge and hydrophilicity in regulating the kinetics of crystal growth

Biomineralization: Peptide‐Mediated Synthesis of Materials

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