Structure and Function of the Deutocerebrum in Insects

Homberg, Uwe; Christensen, Thomas A.; Hildebrand, John G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.002401

Cited by 330 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In M. sexta most of the GABA-ir neurons are LNs, while a small subpopulation belongs to the group of PNs (Hoskins et al, 1986;Homberg et al, 1989). Double labeling with Mas-AT and GABA antisera revealed that in the pupa and in the adult only one Mas-AT-ir type, the LATn, displays additional GABA immunoreactivity.…”

Section: Colocalization Of Mas-at With Gaba Rfamides and A-type Allmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mas‐allatotropin in the developing antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta: Distribution, time course, developmental regulation, and colocalization with other neuropeptides

Utz

Huetteroth

Vömel

et al. 2007

Developmental Neurobiology

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ABSTRACT:The paired antennal lobes (ALs) of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta serve as a well-established model for studying development of the primary integration centers for odor information in the brain. To further reveal the role of neuropeptides during AL development, we have analyzed cellular distribution, developmental time course, and regulation of the neuropeptide M. sexta allatotropin (Mas-AT). On the basis of morphology and appearance during AL formation, seven major types of Mas-AT-immunoreactive (ir) cells could be distinguished. Mas-AT-ir cells are identified as local, projection, and centrifugal neurons, which are either persisting larval or newly added adult-specific neurons. Complementary immunostaining with antisera against two other neuropeptide families (A-type allatostatins, RFamides) revealed colocalization within three of the Mas-AT-ir cell types. On the basis of this neurochemistry, the most prominent type of Mas-AT-ir neurons, the local AT neurons (LATn), could be divided in three subpopulations. The appearance of the Mas-AT-ir cell types occurring during metamorphosis parallels the rising titer of the developmental hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Artificially shifting the 20E titer to an earlier developmental time point resulted in the precocious occurrence of Mas-AT immunostaining. This result supports the hypothesis that the pupal rise of 20E is causative for Mas-AT expression during AL development. Comparing localization and developmental time course of Mas-AT and other neuropeptides with the time course of AL formation suggests various functions for these neuropeptides during development, including an involvement in the formation of the olfactory glomeruli. '

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Section: Colocalization Of Mas-at With Gaba Rfamides and A-type Allmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mas‐allatotropin in the developing antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta: Distribution, time course, developmental regulation, and colocalization with other neuropeptides

Utz

Huetteroth

Vömel

et al. 2007

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…ORN axons terminate in spherical structures within the AL, called olfactory glomeruli, where they synapse with the neurites of target neurons (local interneurons and projection neurons). Local interneurons process olfactory information within glomeruli and across them, projection neurons relay information processed inside the ALs to the higher brain centers, the mushroom body calyces and lateral horn (Homberg et al 1988(Homberg et al , 1989Stocker 1994;Ito et al 1998;Galizia and Rössler 2010;Galizia 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characterization of the antennal lobes in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata

et al. 2015

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The medfly Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests for horticulture worldwide. The knowledge about anatomy and function of the medfly olfactory system is still limited. The first brain structure to process olfactory information in insects is the antennal lobe (AL), which is composed of its functional and morphological units, the olfactory glomeruli. Here, we present a morphological three-dimensional reconstruction of AL glomeruli in adult brains. We used unilateral antennal backfills of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) with neural tracers, revealing the AL structure. We recorded confocal stacks acquired from whole-mount specimens, and analyzed them with the software AMIRA. The ALs in C. capitata are organized in glomeruli which are more tightly packed in the anterior part than the posterior one. Axons of ORNs bilaterally connect the ALs through a commissure between the two ALs. This commissure is formed by several distinct fascicles. Contralateral dye transfer suggests the presence of gap junctions connecting ORNs from both antennae. There was no statistical difference between the average volumes of female ALs (204,166 ± 12,554 μm(3)) and of male ALs (190,287 ± 11,823 μm(3)). In most specimens, we counted 53 glomeruli in each AL, seven of which were sexually dimorphic in size

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“…Chemical sensory afferents terminate in the antennal lobe (AL); whereas, most of exteroceptive mechanosensory afferents terminate in the dorsal lobe (DL) of the brain (Homberg et al, 1989). The AL consists of multiple islets of neurons, known as glomeruli, which can be thought of as the functional units of olfaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical pathways for antennal sensory information in the central nervous system of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

Yoritsune

Aonuma

2012

Invert Neurosci

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Antennae are one of the major organs to detect chemo- and mechanosensory cue in crickets. Little is known how crickets process and integrate different modality of information in the brain. We thus used a number of different anatomical techniques to gain an understanding of the neural pathways extending from the antennal sensory neurons up to centers in the brain. We identified seven antennal sensory tracts (assigned as T1–7) utilizing anterograde dye filling from the antennal nerve. Tracts T1–T4 project into the antennal lobe (AL), while tracts T5 and T6 course into the dorsal region of the deutocerebrum or the suboesophageal ganglion, and finally, tract T7 terminates in the ventral area of flagellar afferent (VFA). By analyzing autofluorescence images of the AL, we identified 49 sexually isomorphic glomeruli on the basis of shape, relative position and size. On the basis of our sensory-tract data, we assigned the glomeruli into one of four separate groups. We then three-dimensionally reconstructed the internal structures in the AL (glomeruli) and the VFA (layers). Next in the protocerebrum, we identified both the tracts and their terminations from the AL and VFA. We found that 10 tracts originate in the AL, whereas there are at least eight tracts from the VFA. Several tracts from the AL share their routes with those from the VFA, but their termination areas are segregated. We now have a better anatomical understanding of the pathways for the antennal information in cricket

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Structure and Function of the Deutocerebrum in Insects

Cited by 330 publications

References 60 publications

Mas‐allatotropin in the developing antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta: Distribution, time course, developmental regulation, and colocalization with other neuropeptides

Mas‐allatotropin in the developing antennal lobe of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta: Distribution, time course, developmental regulation, and colocalization with other neuropeptides

Morphological characterization of the antennal lobes in the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata

The anatomical pathways for antennal sensory information in the central nervous system of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

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