Structure and function of the epidermis related to barrier properties

Baroni, Adone; Buommino, Elisabetta; Gregorio, Vincenza De; Ruocco, Eleonora; Ruocco, Vincenzo; Wolf, Ronni

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.007

Cited by 389 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The underlying dermis, separated from the epidermis by a basement membrane, is mainly composed of ECM molecules arranged in a dense matrix of connective tissue rich in collagen and elastin fibres that provides structural and mechanical support to the skin [15]. It is a highly dynamic, vascularized layer that supports the epidermis, provides flexibility and strength to the skin, and also contains blood vessels, sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles and sensory receptors [13,115]. The predominant cells in dermis are heterogeneous subpopulations of fibroblasts, which are responsible for the production of connective tissue components [40].…”

Section: Skin Structure and Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant cells in dermis are heterogeneous subpopulations of fibroblasts, which are responsible for the production of connective tissue components [40]. Other cell types like mast cells and macrophages are also present, playing important roles in immune and inflammatory responses [13,79]. The hypodermis, which acts as an energy source and heat insulator, is located just below the dermis and is mainly composed of adipose tissue and collagen, attaching the dermis to underlying tissues [13,115].…”

Section: Skin Structure and Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the epidermis is an avascular layer, it is under constant renewal due to the presence of epidermal basal cells and stem cells in the basal layer and hair follicles [79]. The main cellular constituents include keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells and Langerhans cells [13,149]. The underlying dermis, separated from the epidermis by a basement membrane, is mainly composed of ECM molecules arranged in a dense matrix of connective tissue rich in collagen and elastin fibres that provides structural and mechanical support to the skin [15].…”

Section: Skin Structure and Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lamellar granules, produced by keratinocytes, secret several key compounds (lipids, proteins, hydrolytic enzymes) for skin barrier properties [13]. To recreate the barrier properties of skin, printed constructs must contain an epidermal region consisting of densely packed keratinocytes.…”

Section: Requirements Of Printed Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in bioprinted cell-laden hydrogels for skin tissue engineering

et al. 2017

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Bioprinting technologies are powerful additive biofabrication techniques to produce cellular constructs for skin tissue engineering owing to their unique ability to precisely pattern living and non-living materials in predefined spatial locations. This unique feature, combined with the computer controlled printing and medical imaging techniques, enable researchers and clinicians to generate patient specific constructs partly replicating the intricate compositional and architectural organization of the skin. Bioprinting has been used to automatically dispense hydrogels with skin cells located in prescribed sites that promote skin formation in vitro and in vivo. Current skin bioprinting approaches mostly rely on the sequential printing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes embedded within a homogeneous hydrogel. Although such approaches have already been translated to pre-clinical scenarios, they still present limitations in terms of fully replicating the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) heterogeneity in native skin. The success of bioprinting for skin repair strongly depends on the design of printable bioinks capable of supporting the function of printed cells and stimulating the production of new ECM components. To better mimic the human skin, novel developments in dedicated bioprinting technologies, in the design of bioinks, as well as in the printing of vascularised constructs are necessary. This paper presents an overview regarding the use of bioprinting for skin tissue engineering applications. The operating principles of bioprinting technologies are outlined along with requirements of printed skin constructs. Finally, preclinical results are summarized and future perspectives for the field are highlighted.

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Section: Skin Structure and Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Structure and Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Structure and Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Requirements Of Printed Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in bioprinted cell-laden hydrogels for skin tissue engineering

et al. 2017

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“…Em uma epiderme saudável, há um equilíbrio entre os processos de proliferação e descamação o que resulta em um ciclo completo de renovação em um período de 28 dias (BARONI et al, 2012;WEBB;LI;KAUR, 2004).…”

Section: Biologia Da Pele E Envelhecimento Cutâneounclassified