Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma

Abstract

Water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma (GP) in contact with air stimulates various microorganisms, the growth of various plants and provides healthy breeding of various animals. In this paper, we present water treated with GP under oxygen-free nitrogen. It is potentially suitable for breeding anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the crops of plants utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. Deionized water saturated with oxygen-free nitrogen was treated for 5 to 90 min with low-temperature glow plasma (GP). That operation produced nitrogen in various exited states depending on the treatment time. These excited nitrogen molecules built aqueous clathrates around them. The number and structure of those clathrates depended on the time of the treatment with GP. In terms of mass, density, pH, conductivity, surface tension, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS), Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR), Raman and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra as well as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the macrostructure of water saturated with nitrogen treated with GP strongly depended on the treatment time. Based on the entropy criterion, the macrostructure formed on 30 and 5 min treatment was the most and least organized, respectively.

Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach

“…These two peaks at 3270–3273 cm −1 (O–H stretching) and 1637 cm −1 (approx.) (scissoring of two H atoms bonded with O molecule) appeared due to the high amount of water in all the fresh fluid samples 43 – 45 . Similar results were obtained in the study by Zhang et al, on blood 9 .…”

The Effect of Using Micro-Clustered Water as a Polymer Medium

“…The differences in the rheology of hydrosols with MC and D water can be explained by the change in water structure after treatment with plasma. According to results obtained by several authors, plasma treatment causes declasterization of the water macrostructure [ 5 , 8 , 22 ]. One of the consequences is the better solubility of substances [ 23 ].…”

“…Water molecules form a hydrogen-bonded network consisting of clusters. Water clusters have been proposed as an explanation of the unusual physical characteristic of water, such as its high boiling/freezing point, the abnormal temperature dependency of its density, and ice nucleation for freezing [ 5 ]. The structure of water changes significantly if ions, neutral molecules or gas are introduced to it.…”

Structure and some physicochemical and functional properties of water treated under ammonia with low-temperature low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency

“…These properties depended, among others, on the time of exposure of the water to GP and the atmosphere under which the GP treatment was performed. Thus far, the effect of the air [6], oxygen-free nitrogen [7], carbon dioxide [8], methane [9] and oxygen [10] upon results of the GP treatment was published. In the course of our studies, we found that the energy of applied GP never broke valence bonds and could not initiate any chemical reaction.…”