Structure Modelling of Underground Structure for Faults and Failure Detection Using Sesmic Condition

Abstract

Tunnels are crucial components of national and urban transport and utility systems, experiencing a surge in construction to meet the growing demand for space in densely populated urban regions and megacities. This paper presents an extensive review of the seismic response of tunnels, building upon the legacies of two influential government reviews and incorporating the latest knowledge in the field. The review focuses on seismic behavior and specifically explores the outcomes of shaking table tests, which offer a larger testing area for studying the interaction of complex structural systems under seismic loading. By comprehensively examining the seismic response of tunnels, valuable insights are gained, enhancing understanding and informing improved design practices. An incident involving a collapsed tunnel section during construction is also analyzed. The incomplete tunnel section experienced twisting, resulting in an oval shape formation that led to the failure of shotcrete and the breakage of steel columns at critical points. This incident emphasizes the importance of considering structural integrity and stability throughout the construction process to mitigate risks. To gather accurate data on tunnel seismic response, various measurement techniques were employed. Accelerometers emerged as a predominant tool, enabling the measurement of amplified acceleration in the soil and the response of the model tunnels during ground shaking. By consolidating the findings from previous government reviews and incorporating recent knowledge, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the seismic response of tunnels. The insights obtained contribute to the development of improved tunnel design, construction, and maintenance practices, ensuring the safety, reliability, and resilience of urban and national tunnel networks in seismic-prone areas.