“…For example, the lack of l -cys causes immune system weakness, liver damage, and skin lesions, while its excess causes neurological disorders . Likewise, an excess of Homocys in blood plasma (5–15 μM) mainly results in pathological disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, and premature diabetic retinopathy. , On the other hand, an imbalance in l -gluta is known to cause a wide range of proliferative diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cystic fibrosis (CF), and HIV. , Hence, developing a highly sensitive method to competently detect these biothiols over multiple platforms is highly demanding. Common biosensory platforms include radioimmunoassay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrochemical sensors, and lateral flow immunoassay, which suffer from anti-interfering recognition and low detection limit.…”