Structure optimization of pyrolysis carbon black from waste tire and its application in natural rubber composites

Ma, Yongjie; Zhao, Hongying; Zhang, Xinjin; Fan, Chunyan; Zhuang, Tao; Sun, Chong; Zhao, Shugao

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153389

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Meanwhile, there are only a few investigations relating to hybrid filler made from modified CBp and commercial carbon black. To address this issue, the Ar plasma is applied in this work to purify the CBp and improve its surface activity, the effect of which has been confirmed in our previous work 25 . The NR composite is then filled with the hybrid filler made from commercial carbon black N330, which belongs to the reinforcing filler, and the plasma modified CBp, as both have a similar surface area 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…It shows that the surface polarity of MCBp is enhanced by plasma modification. Although the Ar plasma itself could not release active components during the plasma modification process, the polarization is easy to take place when the sample is taken out from the plasma device and exposed in the air 25 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CBp was modified by glow discharge plasma (Smart Plasma 30, Plasma Technology, Germany) at room temperature, with a power of 200 W for 2 min 25 . The modified CBp was uniformly labeled as MCBp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next step, the sediment was dried at 60°C under vacuum. Finally, the TGA measurement was carried out on the dried product from 30 to 900°C under the nitrogen condition, and the bound rubber content was then calculated with (Equation ) 25

m_{is} \times w_{t} % / [m_{is} \times (1 - w_{t} %) \times r]

where

m_{is}

is the initial sample weight measured by TGA;

w_{t}

is the weight loss;

r

is the weight ratio between NR and filler in the compound.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it has been reported that a kind clean and efficient plasma modification method is applied to treat CBp using different atmospheres. This method has both etching and polarization effects to enhance the surface activity of CBp and improve its reinforcing ability 25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of plasma modified pyrolytic carbon black in improving mechanical properties of natural rubber composite

Feng

Dong

Yang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the Argon (Ar) plasma technology is adopted for pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) modification and the N330/Modified‐CBp (MCBp) hybrid is then incorporated into the Natural Rubber (NR) matrix. Compared with CBp, the MCBp has smaller particle size, lower ash content, higher specific surface area, and surface activity based on the results of laser diffraction method, transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, gas sorption analysis (Nitrogen), acetone solvent, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Among them, Dv (90) is found to have reduced by 20% while the specific surface area increased by 4%. According to the bound rubber content experiments, the equilibrium swelling experiments as well as the temperature and strain sweeps, the bound rubber content, filler‐filler bond strength, and cross‐linking density of NR/N330/MCBp are all superior to those of NR/N330/CBp, resulting in an outstanding comprehensive performance of NR/N330/MCBp composite. In particular, the 300% modulus and the tear strength rise by 43% and 14% respectively, surpassing even the system filled with N330. Finally, the mechanism of mechanical properties improvement in the NR/N330/MCBp composite is proposed: the strong filler‐filler bond is formed between the MCBp and N330 aggregates via molecular chains, and they are anchored on the MCBp and absorbed on the N330 simultaneously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

m_{is} \times w_{t} % / [m_{is} \times (1 - w_{t} %) \times r]

where

m_{is}

is the initial sample weight measured by TGA;

w_{t}

is the weight loss;

r

is the weight ratio between NR and filler in the compound.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Application of plasma modified pyrolytic carbon black in improving mechanical properties of natural rubber composite

Feng

Dong

Yang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates filled with untreated pyrolytic tire char

Dechojarassri,

Suwannakit,

Danwanichakul

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Untreated pyrolytic tire char was used in natural rubber (STR20) composites as single filler at loadings of 30–70 phr and co‐filler with carbon black (N330) at a total loading of 50 phr. The results were compared with rubbers filled with N330 and crumb rubber at 30 phr. The effects of fillers on cure characteristic, crosslink density, filler dispersion in natural rubber vulcanizates and their mechanical properties were investigated. The slight reversions were seen for the cure characteristics of 70 phr‐char‐filled and all co‐filler samples because the sulfur amount in the char together with the added sulfur could shift the vulcanization system from EV to SEV, whereas plateau cure curves were seen for the rest. While the highest tensile strength of char‐filled sample was obtained at 50 phr loading, whose tensile strength was about 88% of the N330 sample at 30 phr, 70‐phr‐char filled sample was superior in surface hardness, abrasion resistance and tear strength to N330 sample at 30 phr. For rubber with co‐fillers, the mechanical properties depended on the mass ratio of N330 to pyrolytic tire char. Therefore, it is possible to use untreated char as reinforcing filler for suitable applications according to their properties.

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Reinforcing behavior of reclaimed rubber filled natural rubber composites

Yao

Dong

Feng

et al. 2023

Polymer International

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With the growing volume of waste rubber products, the pressures on the environment and resources become increasingly serious. The reclamation of waste rubber products is one of the practical methods to meet this challenge. Therefore, the application of reclaimed rubber (RR) attracts researchers' attention. In this work, different contents of natural rubber (NR) matrix are replaced by RR and the reinforcing behavior of the RR phase is discussed. The results show that the crosslinking density, Payne effect and 100% modulus increase with increase in RR content in the NR/RR blends when the RR content is not more than 60 phr, and then drop when the RR content gets to 80 phr. It is inferred that both the NR and the RR constitute co-continuous phases when the RR content is 60 phr, and the RR phase is the only continuous phase when its content reaches 80 phr, which can be confirmed by SEM observation. Besides, the curing rate is enhanced with increase of the RR content. It is also found that structures with high crosslinking density appear when the RR is incorporated into the NR matrix. Finally, it is proposed that carbon black in the RR, a structure with high crosslinking density and a continuous rubber matrix are important factors influencing the reinforcement behaviour in RR filled rubber composites.

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Structure optimization of pyrolysis carbon black from waste tire and its application in natural rubber composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Application of plasma modified pyrolytic carbon black in improving mechanical properties of natural rubber composite

Application of plasma modified pyrolytic carbon black in improving mechanical properties of natural rubber composite

Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates filled with untreated pyrolytic tire char

Reinforcing behavior of reclaimed rubber filled natural rubber composites

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