Structures of Flagranones A, B and C, Cyclohexenoxide Antibiotics from the Nematode-trapping Fungus Duddingtonia flagrans.

Anderson, Margaret G.; Rickards, Rodney W.; Lacey, Ernest

doi:10.7164/antibiotics.52.1023

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora were weakly inhibited, and the phytopathogenic fungi P. cinnamomi , Pythium ultimum , and Rhizoctonia solani were partially inhibited. Nematicidal activity in the H. contortus larval development assay was classified as insignificant (Anderson et al 1999 ).…”

Section: Metabolites Produced By Nematophagous Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes

Degenkolb

Vilcinskas

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

131

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Plant-parasitic nematodes are estimated to cause global annual losses of more than US$ 100 billion. The number of registered nematicides has declined substantially over the last 25 years due to concerns about their non-specific mechanisms of action and hence their potential toxicity and likelihood to cause environmental damage. Environmentally beneficial and inexpensive alternatives to chemicals, which do not affect vertebrates, crops, and other non-target organisms, are therefore urgently required. Nematophagous fungi are natural antagonists of nematode parasites, and these offer an ecophysiological source of novel biocontrol strategies. In this first section of a two-part review article, we discuss 83 nematicidal and non-nematicidal primary and secondary metabolites found in nematophagous ascomycetes. Some of these substances exhibit nematicidal activities, namely oligosporon, 4′,5′-dihydrooligosporon, talathermophilins A and B, phomalactone, aurovertins D and F, paeciloxazine, a pyridine carboxylic acid derivative, and leucinostatins. Blumenol A acts as a nematode attractant. Other substances, such as arthrosporols and paganins, play a decisive role in the life cycle of the producers, regulating the formation of reproductive or trapping organs. We conclude by considering the potential applications of these beneficial organisms in plant protection strategies.

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Section: Metabolites Produced By Nematophagous Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes

Degenkolb

Vilcinskas

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

131

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“…Chlamydospores were shown in vitro not to germinate under anaerobic conditions at 37°C. Little is known about secondary metabolites production by Duddingtonia other than the presence of flagranones, compounds structurally related to the farnesylated cyclohexenoxides isolated from another nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (Anderson et al, 1999). 9…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Active Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of BioWorma® (Duddingtonia flagrans NCIMB 30336) as a feed additive for all grazing animals

Additives¹,

Bampidis²,

Azimonti³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of BioWorma® (Duddingtonia flagrans NCIMB 30336) when used as a zootechnical feed additive for all grazing animals. Duddingtonia flagrans belongs to a group of nematophagous fungi that physically entrap nematodes through an adhesive hyphal net. The additive contains the fungus in the form of chlamydospores and is intended to control pathogenic nematodes on pasture, with subsequent benefits for grazing animals. No conclusions could be drawn on the safety for the target species due to lack of data. ■■■■■ As it is not possible to exclude the presence of secondary metabolites (other than flagranones) produced during fermentation and their potential carry‐over into animal products, safety for the consumer could not be established. The Panel concluded that the additive is not irritant to skin and eyes but is irritant to the respiratory tract and a respiratory sensitiser. No conclusion could be drawn on its skin sensitisation potential. Since D. flagrans is a naturally inhabiting soil organism of world‐wide distribution, the Panel considered that use of an additive based on this organism does not pose a risk for the environment under the intended conditions of use. The strain under application reduced the number of parasitic nematodes on pasture to the benefit of grazing animals when used at the recommended application rate of 3 × 104 chlamydospores/kg bodyweight and day.

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“…The assay detected D. flagrans in faecal, leaf litter, and soil samples collected from 80% of the Irish farms tested indicating that the fungus is abundant in Ireland. D. flagrans produces the following secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity: flagranones A (2), B (3) and C (4) (Anderson et al, 1999). These antibiotics are structurally related to the farnesylated cyclohexenoxides of the oligosporon group recently isolated from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, and show similar antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Duddingtonia Flagransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed (2009 update)

2009

EFSA Journal

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EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notifications for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) concept was developed by EFSA for its own use to provide a generic food safety assessment approach applicable across EFSA's scientific Panels, for biological agents notified for intentional use in the whole food chain. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents at the highest taxonomic unit that is appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended are assessed, considering if the body of knowledge is sufficient. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit could be reflected as 'qualifications' when considered appropriate for an inclusion on the QPS list. The list of QPS recommended biological agents is reviewed and updated annually. The 2009 update reviews the previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi and assesses several additional notifications concerning gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Lactobacillus cellobiosus, L. collinoides, Propionibacterium acidopropionici and Oenococcus oeni were included in the QPS list. No filamentous fungi were included because of potential production of toxic metabolites. For the first time viruses were assed. Insect viruses (Baculovirideae) and in the case of zucchini yellow mosaic viruses the Potyvirideae family as the highest possible taxonomic unit were added to the QPS list. Bacteriophages were considered as not appropriate for the QPS list. A potential presence of antimycotic resistance of yeasts referred to on the QPS list was considered. It was concluded that yeast strains resistant to antimycotics used for treatment of infections in humans might be of public health concern. KEY WORDSQualified presumption of safety, QPS, food, feed 1 On request of EFSA, Question No EFSA-Q

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Structures of Flagranones A, B and C, Cyclohexenoxide Antibiotics from the Nematode-trapping Fungus Duddingtonia flagrans.

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes

Metabolites from nematophagous fungi and nematicidal natural products from fungi as an alternative for biological control. Part I: metabolites from nematophagous ascomycetes

Safety and efficacy of BioWorma® (Duddingtonia flagrans NCIMB 30336) as a feed additive for all grazing animals

Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed (2009 update)

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