Structuring pea towards meat analogues

Abstract

Plant protein transitionMimics meat in more sensory aspects Meat analogues(based on soy, gluten) Next generation Meat analogues(based on pea) Non-allergenic Lower environmental impactRecently, the similarities and differences between extrusion and shear cell technology were described in depth. Both high-moisture extrusion cooking (HMEC) and shear cell processing are thermo-mechanical processes (Table 1.1) and are comparable in their basic operations: 1) mixing and hydration, 2) thermo-mechanical treatment, and 3) cooling (Cornet et al., 2021).A main difference is that HMEC is a continuous process, while a shear cell is only described as a batch process so far. Other differences lie in the residence time and the necessity for cooling. The residence time of the material during HMEC is shorter than in a shear cell, while in HMEC the conditions in the extruder and in the cooling die are different. Those differences also imply that the structure formation process may be different. In case of extrusion, the fibrous product may be formed in the cooling zone (Akdogan, 1999;Cheftel et al., 1992;Sandoval Murillo et al., 2019;Tolstoguzov, 1993), while cooling seems less essential in a shear cell.temperatures, and high shear rates). Recently, a 'closed cavity rheometer' (CCR) developed for investigating properties of rubbers, was used to mimic the process conditions inside a shear cell or even an extruder Emin & Schuchmann, 2017). Dekkers et al. ( 2018) created the rheological fingerprint of blends of SPI and WG at processing conditions in a CCR and related this to the formation of fibrous structures in a shear cell. The outcomes of those measurements resulted in the hypothesis that for fibrous structures, the two phases in a blend must have similar rheological properties during processing at high temperatures, to allow for extensive deformation of the dispersed phase, which was hypothesized to yield the fibrous structure.

Shaping meat analogues : Ingredients & texture

“…Within a viscosity ratio range of 0.1 and 1, the critical Ca is lower, meaning that droplet breakup occurs at lower shear rates in case of simple shear flow. As interpreted by Schreuders (2021), optimal deformation is then achieved when the viscosity ratio of the dispersed phase and continuous phases are well-matched. When the material is on the Grace curve threshold, the dispersed phase droplets undergo more substantial deformation during shear structuring, which is thought to be related to larger interfaces and thus enhanced fibrousness.…”