Strut-and-tie model for predicting shear strength of squat shear walls under earthquake loads

Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Squat Walls

“…The results of 298 and 189 tests performed on rectangular squat walls constructed with boundary elements (RWBEs) and rectangular walls without boundary elements (RWs), respectively, are used in the development of the ANN and strut and tie models. These are taken from the database assembled by Chetchotisak et al [23]. Squat walls utilized in this study were loaded by various types of horizontal loads such as monotonic, dynamic, repeated, and cyclic, and the latter is applied to most of these walls.…”

“…The shear strength of RWs increases with the ρh to a specific limit (ρh = 1.2%), beyond which the shear strength decreases with the increase of ρh. The effect of this parameter is still unclear because some scholars indicated that ρh has negligible influence on shear strength [38][39][40], while others indicated that the influence of ρh is modest compared to ρv [14,23]. On the other hand, ACI-318-19 [36] and Baghi et al [25] point out that this parameter significantly affects the peak shear strength.…”

“…Similar to ρh, there remains uncertainty concerning the influence of ρv. That is, the ACI-318-19 [36] and Sanchez-Alejandre and Alcocer [16] ignore this parameter in the calculations of shear strength, while others found that the contribution of this parameter to the peak shear strength is higher than that of ρh [14,23].…”

“…5-e, where the shear strength of RWBEs enhances with ρb, while that of RWs increase when ρb increase from 0.34% to 7.2% and decrease when ρb increase from 7.2% to 12.75%. There is no consensus about the role of ρb in estimating the peak strength, as some models take into account the effect of ρb [17,23,25], and others overlook this parameter [15,18,14,23,36]. Fig.…”

“…On the contrary, Hsu & Mo [18], Massone & Melo [19], and Chandra et al [12] developed softened truss models. Hwang & Lee [20,21], Kassem [14], Ma et al [22], and Chetchotisak et al [23] presented strut and tie models. Although the accuracy of the above models is improved compared to the design codes, some still provide inconsistent strength predictions because they are derived using a limited number of experimental results.…”