The research on the management mode of students in colleges and universities is helpful in cultivating students’ autonomous learning, self-education, and self-service ability. However, there are still some deficiencies in the construction of college student management model. This paper aims to study and analyze the construction and data integration of college student management mode under the data acquisition and monitoring system based on human-computer interaction. Firstly, this paper analyzes the human-computer interaction technology. Robots participate in human activities and coexist with people, which is called human-computer interaction. Human-computer interaction technology mainly includes voice interaction, image interaction, data interaction, and action interaction. Then, the sensor data acquisition algorithm based on cooperative communication is analyzed, and finally, the management mode of students is experimentally explored. The composition of the management system of college students is realized by establishing the management subject, management object, and management environment of students. The experimental results of this paper show that, in the investigation of the student union management system, 43% of the participants chose “the system exists, but it needs to be improved,” and 31.5% of the participants chose “the system is perfect.” “The system is not perfect” accounted for 14.8%, and 89.2% of the participants believed that there was a system. Obviously, whether it is the system, the enforcement strength, or the standard level, there is still room for improvement. We can strengthen the connotation construction of the student union and improve the management function of the student union, deepen the understanding of the status and role of the student union, build a standardized evaluation system for the student union, and strengthen the internal organization of the student union.