Studied on the Habu Snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) Venom Toxoid

Preparation and Standardization of Toxoid From the Venom of Trimeresurus Flavoviridis (Habu)

“…Protein content of the final product of toxoid for immunization was determined by the micro-kjeldahl method. Detoxification with dihydrothioctic acid : This was carried out according to Sawai et al (1966). A 1 % solution of each of crude venom, HR1 and HR2 was detoxified with dihydrothioctic acid (DHTA) at 0.5 %.…”

“…Attempts have been made by many workers at toxoiding venoms by treatment with f ormalin (Boquet and Vendrely, 1943;Christensen, 1947;Wiener, 1960;MorozPerlmutter et al, 1963) or other chemicals (Sawai et al, 1966;Okonogi and Hattori, 1968), by irradiation with X-ray (Flowers, 1963) and by photo-oxidation (Kocholaty, 1966). All these treatments not only detoxified venoms but also impaired the immunogenicity.…”

Active Immunization of Man With Toxoid of Habu (Trimeresurus Flavoviridis) Venom

“…Attempts have been made at preparing toxoid from Habu venom by several workers (Sawai et al, 1966;Okonogi and Hattori, 1968;Sadahiro et al, 1968Sadahiro et al, , 1970. Since the criteria for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the toxoid preparations varied greatly, it was difficult to compare various preparations of Habu toxoid.…”

“…3) Prepared with dihydrothioctic acid (DHTA) by the method described by Sawai et al (1966). 4) Prepared by the method described by Sadahiro et al (1970).…”

Symposium on Toxins

“…or other chemicals (Sawai et al, 1966;Okonogi and Hattori, 1968), by irridiation with X-ray (Flowers, 1963) and by photo-oxidation (Kocholaty,. 1966 Kondo et al, 1965a,b).…”