Studies in coal tar bases. I. Separation of β‐ and γ picolines and 2:6‐lutidine

Abstract

Ternporntiire. ' F. Exlinustar Tar fog Inlet Outlet Inlet speed, grnins/100 cu. esliniistcr eslinuster LivEseys r.p.m. ft a 101 GI 3.2.;0 "3.5 104 ti; 3.12'8 27.7 111 ;9 3,000 110.0 2 97The increnserl nmount of tnr fog in the gns wns very efficiently reinovcd by the Livesey wnshers, probably becnuse of the incrensed size of the drops due to condcnsntioii of wnter niid tnr rapours. Tnr fq Outlet Licesey icnshersTcnipernttirc, F. l'nr fog hilet Oritlet Inlet Oiitlct gr./lOo CII. c*rhnuster edinustcr Lireseys 1,ivrwys Ile\-e.,'min. ft. 97 10; ;st 01 3,040 1 . ; S7 1031 o q U34 3.150 2.0It persisted in the pus though the aninionin wnsliers n s fnr ns the inlet to purifiers, aherc. the concentrntion wns nlso 1 to 2 prnins per 100 CII. ft.The sninll ninount of tar fog collected wns dry. FIG. 5 600 JJIJJI. rlio. junirhccl large c o d gas rrlitcusler 450,000 en. jl. hr., two slogc nrachine I t v;ns shown in n con1 gas strenin from continuous rerticnl retorts that \vet tnr fog could bc removed by nicniis of IL P nnd A Tar Estrnctor following n high-speed exhnuster and sccondnry condensers with nn efficiency of nbout 97%. Tnr fog Tcml~rnture, F. grnins/IOO cu. ft. Inlet Outlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Efficicnry esliniistcr eslinoster 1' & A l<ew,iniin. I' & A I' k A (%) 0.1 70 B3f 3,850 1s .0*0 , 90.7 S5 90 U2 3,600 38 1.0 97.4 ili 62 46 3,600 107 3.1 07.1To denionstrntc the effect of pnssing dry tor fog tlIrOUgh n Livesey washer on tlie efficiency of reniovid, the secondnry condensers on tlie first strciiin were 1)y-ptssed. The tar fog entering tlie Li\*esey \\-nshcr was reduced (owing to tho lack of roiidcnsnbioii of tnr vnpour} but, the ninoiint lenring wns increnscd. -Tur fog Tenipruturc, ' F. grs./100 cu. ft. Inlrt Outlct Inlot Outlet Inlot Outlet erlinustcr cslinuster Liresoys Livemy8 I{ors./min. I.ivosoys Livesoys 74 80) 8?< 6 0 -?,&I 12.5 7.5 XI& 005 85i 80 3,050 -L). IThe tnr fog collected wus dry nt 110th inlct iintl outlet, nnd the efficiciicy of the Liwscy wsshrr was reduced froin nhout 95% to nboiit 35%.This experinlent shows the iinportnncc of good cooling of the pns in the secondnry condensers sc that the tar drops which still remain in the gas nt.the outlet of the high-speed cshnuster arc incrensetl , I , in size by coiidensntioii cjf oils nnd wnter riipour.With good cooling the Liresey mnshers or P and A extractors ran reduce the tnr fog in n con1 gas strenin containing a high-speedv exhnuster to n very low figure, but they are unnhle to deal effectively with t.he sniirller dry pnrticles.The Fulhnm Lnborntory,The Gns Light k Coke Compniiy. Tnr bnm frnctions cotnn~only described i i j ' I coininerrin1 p-picolino " IIPU mixture8 contnining p -ant1 y-picolinc nnd 2 : U-lutidino in vnrinblr, if icsiinlly roirglilv eqonl proportions. h n v nictlrods for the mpurntion of one or inom Of tlrc incliridud coinlionenis tinre h n propoxcc~ yct foow nm suitnblo for roinniercinl cxploitntion. In the prc.sent p p c r it is shown thnt by nzcotropic frnrtiorinl dixtillntion tho thrcc bases nnoy bo rcndily zepnrntcd in pudtiw of...

Thermodynamic properties of the methylpyridines. Part 2. Vapor pressures, heat capacities, critical properties, derived thermodynamic functions between the temperatures 250 K and 560 K, and equilibrium isomer distributions for all temperatures ≥250 K

“…There is a 0.002·C • p,m uncertainty associated with the extrapolation of the measured isobaric heat capacities to p = 0. (73) , Cabezas and Beltrán; (64) •, Arnett and Chawla; (74) , Kobe and Mathews; (65) , Othmer and Savitt; (70) +, Brown and Barbaras; (67) , Coulson and Jones; (71) − − −, selected by Das et al (58) The curves represent ±28 kPa, which is twice the estimated uncertainty reported by Kobe and Mathews. (65) Values reported by Liplavk and Boliter (72) show large deviations and are not included in the figure.…”

“…Nearly all of the experimental values are within ±0.10· B, in accord with the claimed uncertainties in the present research. , Othmer and Savitt; (70) , Brown and Barbaras; (67) , Coulson and Jones; (71) − − −, selected by Das et al (58) Values reported by Liplavk and Boliter (72) show large deviations and are not included in the figure. The arrow indicates the temperature range of the measurements of this research.…”

Separation of close boiling point mixtures (p-cresol/m-cresol, guaiacol/alkylphenols, 3-picoline/4-picoline, substituted anilines) through dissociation extractive crystallization

“…Generally, fractional crystallization of derivatives, such as hydrochlorides (Karpman, 1980), oxalates (Arnold and Hejno, 1956) and borates (Robinson, 1957), has been considered, but this is laborious and may not be suitable for commercial exploitation. Complexation with CuCl and fractional distillation of hydrochlorides were other approaches (Coulson and Jones, 1946). We have attempted to utilize dissociation extractive crystallization for the separation of 3-/4-picolines using arylsulfonic acids and oxalic acid.…”

THE STEREOISOMERS OF vic-DIALKYLPIPERIDINES. THE 2-n-BUTYL-3-METHYLPIPERIDINES1

“…Reaction of ß-picoline and butyllithium. The procedure for 2-phenylpyridine (20) was followed for the reaction between pure ß-picoline (21,22) and standardized butyllithium (23,24). The product was obtained in 69% yield, b.p.…”