Studies in Human Malaria

Wc, Cooper; Av, Myatt; Hernández, Teresa; Gm, Jeffery; Gr, Coatney

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1953.2.949

Cited by 35 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The name primaquine derived from its defining primary terminal amine of the aliphatic side chain at the 8 position of the quinoline nucleus. SN-3883 proved as active as primaquine against P. vivax Chesson relapse but showed a slightly higher incidence of "annoying side actions" and was not further considered (179).…”

Section: Primaquinementioning

confidence: 99%

8-Aminoquinoline Therapy for Latent Malaria

2019

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SUMMARYThe technical genesis and practice of 8-aminoquinoline therapy of latent malaria offer singular scientific, clinical, and public health insights. The 8-aminoquinolines brought revolutionary scientific discoveries, dogmatic practices, benign neglect, and, finally, enduring promise against endemic malaria. The clinical use of plasmochin—the first rationally synthesized blood schizontocide and the first gametocytocide, tissue schizontocide, and hypnozoitocide of any kind—commenced in 1926. Plasmochin became known to sometimes provoke fatal hemolytic crises. World War II delivered a newer 8-aminoquinoline, primaquine, and the discovery of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as the basis of its hemolytic toxicity came in 1956. Primaquine nonetheless became the sole therapeutic option against latent malaria. After 40 years of fitful development, in 2018 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration registered the 8-aminoquinoline called tafenoquine for the prevention of all malarias and the treatment of those that relapse. Tafenoquine also cannot be used in G6PD-unknown or -deficient patients. The hemolytic toxicity of the 8-aminoquinolines impedes their great potential, but this problem has not been a research priority. This review explores the complex technical dimensions of the history of 8-aminoquinolines. The therapeutic principles thus examined may be leveraged in improved practice and in understanding the bright prospect of discovery of newer drugs that cannot harm G6PD-deficient patients.

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Section: Primaquinementioning

confidence: 99%