Studies on allergoids from naturally occurring allergens III. Preparation of ragweed pollen allergoids by aldehyde modification in two steps

Marsh, David G.; Norman, Philip S.; Roebber, Marianne; Lichtenstein, Lawrence M.

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(81)90199-8

Cited by 69 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Allergoids are hypoallergenic, but IgE epitopes are not fully destroyed and they still retain the risk of anaphylaxis. 141 Some of the currently available hypoallergenic vaccines (allergoids) are chemically modified using formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. The fusion of major allergens then expressed as a recombinant has also been shown to be effective and potentially safer.…”

Section: Novel Approaches To Allergen Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen immunotherapy for allergic respiratory diseases

Cappella

Durham

2012

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Section: Novel Approaches To Allergen Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen immunotherapy for allergic respiratory diseases

Cappella

Durham

2012

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The IgE reactivity of the allergen extracts was reduced by denaturation using aldehydes resulting in allergoids [69,70,77,78], by proteolysis [79][80][81] or by conjugation of the extracts to chemical groups (e.g. using mPEG) [82,83].…”

Section: Past and Present Attempts For The Improvement Of Allergen-spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in allergen‐specific immunotherapy: from allergen extracts to allergy vaccines bypassing allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E and T cell reactivity

Focke

Swoboda

Marth

et al. 2010

Clin Experimental Allergy

101

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SummaryAllergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific and disease-modifying approach for the treatment of allergy but several disadvantages have limited its broad applicability. We argue that the majority of the possible disadvantages of SIT such as unwanted effects, poor efficacy and specificity as well as inconvenient application are related to the poor quality of natural allergen extracts, which are the active ingredients of all currently available allergy vaccines. Because of the progress made in the field of molecular allergen characterization, new allergy vaccines based on recombinant allergens, recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives and allergen-derived T cell peptides have entered clinical testing and hold promise to reduce the side-effects and to increase the specificity as well as the efficacy of SIT. Here, we present a refined immunotherapy concept, which is based on the use of peptides derived from allergen surfaces that exhibit reduced, allergen-specific IgE as well as T cell reactivity. These peptides when fused to non-allergenic carriers give rise to allergen-specific protective IgG responses with T cell help from a non-allergenic carrier molecule. We summarize the experimental data demonstrating that such peptide vaccines can bypass allergen-specific IgE as well as T cell activation and may be administered at high doses without IgE-and T cell-mediated side-effects. Should these peptide vaccines prove efficacious and safe in clinical trials, it may become possible to develop convenient, safe and broadly applicable forms of SIT as true alternatives to symptomatic, drug-based allergy treatment.

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“…The treatment with formaldehyde has been modified to other allergens, and with ragweed it was shown that a polymerization occurs during treatment with both formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Both reagents produced material with a molecular weight of 100-500 kD, the main difference being that glutaraldehyde-treated extracts still contained some non-dialysable, low molecular weight material (59). A blinded clinical comparison between ragweed-allergoid and native extract showed a significantly lower symptom score among patients treated with allergoid.…”

Section: Low-allergenic Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The allergenic potency of these preparations was determined by means of the leucocyte histamine release assay, and less than 1 % of the potency of the native extract was found. Still, the preparations were immunogenic in animals and crossreacted with guinea pig antibodies to native extract (33,57). When native extract or two of these preparations were adsorbed onto alumina gel and injected in non-allergic humans, both IgG and IgE immune responses developed.…”

Section: Low-allergenic Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%