Studies on extraction of zirconium by quaternary ammonium halides from hydrochloric acid media and its separation from hafnium

Liquid-liquid extraction of Zr(IV) from sulphuric acid medium using tri-n-octyl amine in kerosene

“…Zr(IV) is commonly used in water purification and used in commercial products like deodorant sticks, aerosol antiperspirants [6]. The present work is a systematic study of extraction of Zr(IV) using different parameters.A rapid improved method for solvent extraction and separation of zirconium and hafnium from sulphuric acid system using Primene JMT (a long-chain primary amine) in kerosene was studied by Yamani et al [7]. Sato and Watanabe investigated the extraction of zirconium from sulphuric acid medium by Aliquate-336 through ion exchange mechanism under different conditions [8].…”

Selective extraction of Hf(IV) over Zr(IV) from aqueous H2SO4 solutions by solvent extraction with acidic organophosphorous based extractants

“…The difficulties encountered are mainly due to the chemical similarities of the respective elements. Among the various alternatives, such as multiple crystallization, extractive distillation and solvent extraction, the crystallization process is the simplest to recover both Zr and Hf, but the method is only of interest in batch operation . Solvent extraction is regarded as a promising method to separate metallic elements …”

Solvent Extraction for the Separation of Zr and Hf from Aqueous Solutions

“…Aqueous hydrochloride or thiocyanate metal solutions were contacted amine-based extractants. The distribution coefficient of Zr/Hf increased steeply with increase in aqueous acidity concentrations above 6M (107)(108)(109)(110). When the hydrochloric acid in aqueous solution was partly replaced by LiCl solution, the distribution coefficient of Zr decreased during the extraction with amine-based extractant (107).…”

“…In fact, the stoichiometry of ion association of extracted Zr/Hf species from single metal ion solutions is rather different from the mixture of metal solutions (14). The summary of the results (Table 1) obtained from distribution, spectroscopic and loading of organic Downloaded by [Universität Stuttgart] at 05: 33 20 November 2014 phases suggests that the reaction involved in Zr/Hf extraction from concentrated chloride solution by amine-based (tertiary and quaternary ammonium ion) extractant can be expressed by the following equation (107)(108)(109)(110):…”