Studies on the alterations in haematological indices, micronuclei induction and pathological marker enzyme activities in Channa punctatus (spotted snakehead) perciformes, channidae exposed to thermal power plant effluent

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the toxicity of thermal power plant effluent containing heavy metals (Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Co > Cr) on haematological indices, micronuclei, lobed nuclei and activity of pathological marker enzymes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK)] in Channa punctatus. Total erythrocyte count (−54.52 %), hemoglobin (−36.98 %), packed cell volume (−36.25 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (−1.41 %) and oxygen (O2) carrying capacity (−37.04 %) declined significantly over reference fish, however total leukocyte count (+25.43 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (+33.52 %) and mean corpuscular volume (+35.49 %) showed elevation. High frequency of micronuclei (1133.3 %) and lobed nuclei (150 %) were observed in exposed fish which may indicate mutagenesis. Activities of pathological marker enzymes ALP, AST, ALT and CK increased significantly in serum of exposed fish. The ratio of ALT: AST in exposed fish was beyond 1 which indicates manifestation of pathological processes. These biomarkers show that fish have macrocytic hypochromic anemia. Leukocytosis showed general defence response against heavy metal toxicity and marker enzymes showed tissue degeneration. In conclusion, thermal power plant effluent has strong potential to induce micronuclei, tissue pathology, making the fish anemic, weak, stressed and vulnerable to diseases.

Oxidative Stress in Fish: A Review

“…The haematological parameters were altered when fish were orally administered with gum Arabic showing significant changes in thrombocyte count [87]. The haematological parameters along with micronuclei induction and the pathological marker enzyme activities were greatly altered when C. punctatus were exposed to thermal power plant effluents containing heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co and Cr [88]. The plasma cortisol during stress elevates and plays an important role in upregulating pathways involved in energy-substrate mobilization including gluconeogenesis and simultaneously downregulates energy demanding pathways including growth and immune function [79].…”

Effects of Anionic Surfactant Ingredients on Hematological Index of the Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario)

“…Bu sayım yöntemi ile elde edilen veriler aşağıda verilen formüllerde kullanılarak diğer indeks (ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV), eritrosit miktarı hemoglobin (MCH) ve eritrosit başına düşen hemoglobin sayısı (MCHC)) değerleri hesaplanmıştır (Blaxhall and Daisley, 1973;Atamanalp, 2000;Uçar, 2010;Alak ve ark., 2012). MCV(fl) = Hct (%) * 10/RBC (million/mm 3 ) MCH(pg) =Hgb (gm/dL) * 10/RBC (million/mm 3 ) MCHC (%) = Hgb (gm/dL) * 100/Hct (%) Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılarak varyans analizine tabi tutulmuş ve ortalamalara alfa 0,05 seviyesinde Duncan testi uygulanmıştır (Alak ve ark., 2012;Javed et al, 2016).…”

“…MCV(fl) = Hct (%) * 10/RBC (million/mm 3 ) MCH(pg) =Hgb (gm/dL) * 10/RBC (million/mm 3 ) MCHC (%) = Hgb (gm/dL) * 100/Hct (%) Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılarak varyans analizine tabi tutulmuş ve ortalamalara alfa 0,05 seviyesinde Duncan testi uygulanmıştır (Alak ve ark., 2012;Javed et al, 2016).…”

Effectiveness of the Addition of Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) Extracts in Commercial Pellet as Immunostimulant for Snakehead (Channa striata)

“…Stress is a non-specific biological phenomenon from an environmental change or other factors that affect the adaptability of homeostasis. The process of change will affect the physiological process which in turn can cause physical damage and even death [24]. It was confirmed that "Kelakai" (Stenochlaenapalustris) contains bioactive substances such as phenol, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloid and iron [25] that can be used as immunostimulantagent.…”